intracranial Flashcards

Question

general impression

Answer 1

gait, posture, behavior and affect, dress and grooming, facial expressions, speech, memory

Answer 2

Assess size and condition of muscles Atrophy- muscle wasting Assess strength and tone Ask patient to squeeze hands bilaterally and push down/pull up feet against resistance. Evaluate balance and gait Observe patient walking and balance

Answer 3

Ask patient to stand with feet together, hands at their sides and eyes closed Swaying or moving feet apart is abnormal finding Positive Romberg test is an indication of cerebellar ataxia (abnormal lack of coordination) Be sure to protect the patient from falling!

Answer 4

Assess light touch, pain, and temperature sensations. May use a pen or paper clip to test sensation in hands / feet. May use hot or cold pack to test temperature.

Answer 5

absence of touch

Answer 6

decreased sensitivity to touch

Answer 7

Reflexes test the integrity of spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system Testing with a reflex hammer Scaled on response from 0 – 5+ Conducted more often in advanced health assessment

Answer 8

0 = no response; always abnormal. 1+ = a slight but definitely present response; may or may not be normal. 2+ = a brisk response; normal. 3+ = a very brisk response; may or may not be normal.

Answer 9

Stroke is when blood flow to the brain is interrupted depriving the brain cells of oxygen. Stroke is a medical emergency. Seek help immediately because treatment is time limited. Don’t wait for the symptoms to improve or worsen. If you believe you are having a stroke— or someone you know is having a stroke—call 911 immediately. Making the decision to call for medical help can make the difference in avoiding a lifelong disability

Answer 10

Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body) Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or understanding speech Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination Sudden severe headache with no known cause

Answer 11

Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Heart disease Smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke Age and gender (older and women) Race (African American) Personal or family history Use of oral contraceptives (birth control) Obesity Stress

Answer 12

Quit smoking. Control your cholesterol through diet, exercise, and medicines, if needed. Control high blood pressure through diet, exercise, and medicines, if needed. Control diabetes through diet, exercise, and medicines, if needed. Exercise at least 30 minutes a day.

Answer 13

 FACE: Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?  ARMS: Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward?  SPEECH: Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is speech slurred or strange?  TIME: If you observe any of these signs, call 9-1-1 immediately.

Answer 14

flexion of the leg while the hip is flexed

Answer 15

flexion of the hips and knees in response to neck flexion

Answer 16

arms look like C's, problems with cervical spine or cerebral hemisphere

Answer 17

arms are outwards and look like e's, damage to the pons or midbrain

Answer 18

Eye tics- brief, repetitive, coordinated movements Tourette’s syndrome / amphetamines Resting (static) tremors – only at rest, disappear with voluntary movement – seen in Parkinson’s Nystagmus – eyes make repetitive uncontrolled movements multiple sclerosis- immune disorder that causes degeneration of brain Brain tumor Diabetic neuropathy

Answer 19

Decreased taste and scent sensation. There is a normal decrease in the older person’s ability to hear. There is a normal decrease in the older person’s ability to see. Older adults may experience tremors with intentional movements. * Some older clients may have reduced muscle mass from degeneration of muscle fibers.

Answer 20

Some older clients may normally have hand or head tremors or dyskinesia (repetitive movements of the lips, jaw, or tongue). Some older clients may have a slow and uncertain gait. The base may become wider and shorter, and the hips and knees may be flexed for a bent-forward appearance. For some older clients, rapid alternating movements are difficult because of decreased reaction time and flexibility.

Answer 21

Pain or tingling feeling in the thigh Carpal tunnel Syndrome Leg Cramp Dizziness and lightheadedness

Answer 22

Have a knowledge of developmentally appropriate relfexes- this may indicate an underlying problem Inappropriate response to stimuli suggest CNS disorders/problem Babinski response is a normal response in children younger than 2years

Answer 23

stroke the sole of foot - fans out toes and twists foot in, disappears at nine months to a year

Answer 24

flash of light or a puff of air - closes eyes - permanent

Answer 25

palms touched - grasps tightly - weakens at three months dissapears at one year

Answer 26

abnormal eye movement

Answer 27

stare off at the penlight and bring the penlight closer to the face and should have the pupils constrict as you get closer

Answer 28

pupils equal round and reactive to light and accomodation

Answer 29

theres a sudden loud noise or sudden move and startles the baby so the baby throws the arms and legs out and then turns them towards the body. disappears at 3-4 months

Answer 30

when you stroke the side of the babies cheek and they move their towards that side of the face being stroked disappears around 3-4 months

Answer 31

infant is held up with the feet touching the ground in response the infant will step as if to walk disappears around 3-4 months

Answer 32

something is placed in the infants mouth and the infant sucks to it in response, this disappears around 3-4 months

Answer 33

infants legs are placed in water and they begin to make swimming movements with their legs disappears at 6-7 months

Answer 34

placed on the back and they make fists with their hands and turns the head to the right. disappears at 2 months

intracranial Flashcards

(58 cards)