Intro

Question 1

Food can be defined as

Answer 1

anything edible that can be solid, semisolid, or liquid…swallowed, digested, and assimilated (used) in the body…also provide energy used for growth and development, regulate, the body processes and protect the body from diseases

Question 2

Food Classification

Answer 2

Classification by Origin (Animal/Vegetable)

Classification by Chemical Composition (Macro/Micro Nutrients)

Basis of Predominant Function
1. Body Building Food
2. Energy Giving Food
3. Protective Food
4. Regulatory Food

Question 3

1. Body Building Food
2. Energy-yielding Food
3. Protective Food
4. Regulatory Food

Answer 3

1. Proteins & Minerals
2. Carbs, Fats, Proteins
3. Vitamins & Minerals
4. Water & Roughage (Fiber)

Question 4

Nutrition is the

Answer 4

the science that interprets the nutrients and other substances in food in relation to the maintenance, growth, reproduction, health, and disease of an organism

Question 5

Nutrition includes (6)

Answer 5

food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion

Question 6

Nutrients (define)

Answer 6

substances found in food that keep your body functioning

Question 7

Non-essential nutrients
Essential nutrients

Answer 7

the body can synthesize
the body cannot synthesize (provided by diet)

Question 8

Nutrients of Our Body

Answer 8

61% Water
17% Protein
14% Lipids
6% Minerals
1.5% Carbs
<1% Vitamins

Question 9

Malnutrition

Answer 9

Implies an imbalance of nutrition (too much or too little)

Question 10

Undernutrition

Answer 10

dietary deficit

Question 11

Overnutrition

Answer 11

excessive intake

Question 12

Metabolism

Answer 12

the sum of biochemical processes in living organisms that either produce or consume energy

Question 13

Anabolism

Answer 13

Simple molecules are synthesized
A+B -> AB

Question 14

Catabolism

Answer 14

Molecules are degraded to release energy
AB -> A+B

Question 15

3 Pathways

Answer 15

Anabolism
Catabolism
Waste Disposal

Question 16

Glucose
Fatty Acids
Amino Acids

Answer 16

Glycogen
Lipids
Proteins

Question 17

Oxidation (OIL)

Answer 17

Loss of an electron by an atom or molecule (Oxygen Is Loss)

Question 18

Reduction (RIG)

Answer 18

Involves the gain of electrons by a molecule (Reduction Is Gain)

Question 19

Calorie

Answer 19

Unit of energy
energy needed to raise the temp. of 1 gram of water to 1 degree Celsius

Question 20

Adequate, healthy diets must

Answer 20

Satisfy human needs for energy and all essential nutrients

Question 21

Energy Balance

Answer 21

Energy Input = Energy Output

Question 22

Three Framework of Food Guide Pyramid

Answer 22

Balance
Variety
Moderation

Question 23

Balanced Diet

Answer 23

Getting the right types and amounts of foods to supply nutrition and energy for maintaining body cells, tissues, and organs and for supporting normal growth and development

Question 24

Metabolic Process (5 Steps)

Answer 24

Food Intake
Food Breakdown
Energy Created
Body Repair
Activity Energy

Question 25

Metabolic Rate measures

Answer 25

net ATP turnover (Adenosine Tri Phosphate: Energy Currency) Overall rate of tissue oxidation of fuels by all the body's organ

Question 26

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Answer 26

Energy uses when your body performs natural (basic) life-sustaining functions

Question 27

Thermogenesis

Answer 27

Dissipation of energy through the production of heat (Create Heat) - Production of heat inside the body

Question 28

Specific dynamic heat

Answer 28

amount of energy expenditure above basal metabolic rate due to cost of (processing food for use and storage)

Question 29

Types of Thermic effect of food (TEF)

Answer 29

Obligatory and Facultative

Question 30

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

Answer 30

Increase in energy expenditure associated with consumption of food

Question 31

Obligatory

Answer 31

Energy needed to digest, absorb and metabolize nutrients

Question 32

Facultative

Answer 32

Excess energy expended above obligatory

Question 33

Factors affecting BMR

Answer 33

Body size and composition Gender Age Physical fitness Hormonal statues Genetics Environmental influence

Question 34

BMR Factors: Body size & composition

Answer 34

Height and weight (additional body tissue) Larger = higher metabolic rates Men vs Women Lean muscles burn more calories than fat

Question 35

BMR : Gender

Answer 35

BMR of women 5-10% lower than men (due to organ/body weight and muscle/fat

Question 36

BMR : Age

Answer 36

Declines with age Decline typically occurs around 40 M and 50 F (changes in organ/tissue size & reduction in metabolic activity of lean body mass)

Question 37

BMR : Physical Fitness

Answer 37

Regular exercise causes 8-14% higher metabolic rate

Question 38

BMR : Hormonal Status (Name the 2)

Answer 38

Leptin and Ghrelin

Question 39

Leptin

Answer 39

Produced by adipose cells Helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger (Makes you feel fuel) Diminishing fat storage

Question 39

Leptin

Answer 39

Produced by adipose cells Helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger (Makes you feel fuel) Diminishing fat storage

Question 39

Ghrelin

Answer 39

Produced by stomach Hunger hormone Stimulates appetite, increases food intake Promotes fat storage

Question 40

Water helps

Answer 40

*Regulate body temperature *Lubricates organs *Medium for metabolic/chemical reactions *Aids in movement of nutrients during digestion, absorption and circulation and excretion of waste and toxins

Question 41

Intracellular water Extracellular water

Answer 41

water within the cell (Potassium (K)) water outside/surrounding the cell (Sodium (Na))

Question 42

Dehydration

Answer 42

Insufficient fluid intake (imbalance of electrolytes)

Question 43

Rehydration

Answer 43

restoring water balance to a dehydrated person (IV)-lifesaver