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fiqh > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

what is the meaning of fiqh?

A

Defined as ‘understanding’ but can be seen as ruling/laws

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1
Q

What are the main sources of fiqh? (4)

A

The Qur’an

  1. The Prophetic Sunnah
  2. Consensus (Ijmaa’)
  3. Analogy ( Qiyaas)
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2
Q

what are the five commands and their meaning ?

A
  1. Obligation (Fard)
  2. Incumbent /necessary (Wajib)
  3. Emphatic Sunnah

(Sunnah Mu’akkadah)

  1. Non-Emphatic Sunnah

(Sunnah Ghayr Mu’akkadah)

  1. Desirable (Mustahabb)
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3
Q

what are the five prohibitions and their meaning ?

A
  1. Unlawful (Haram)
  2. Severely Repugnant/disliked

(Mukruh Tahrimi)

  1. Offensive (Isa’ah)
  2. Morally Undesirable (Mukruh Tanzihi)
  3. Against Preferred Practice (Khilaf Al-Awla
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4
Q

which is between the two categories?

A

Permissible (Mubah)

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5
Q

what is the difference between fardh and wajib?

A

Fard is that command to do, the demand of which is proven by means of conclusive evidence, Quran and Sunnah

Example: Prayer (Salah), fast (sawm) etc.

❖The denier of a fard is a disbeliever

WHEREAS wajib is that command to do, the demand of which is proven by means inconclusive evidence

for example: Witr Prayer

❖The unjustified abandoner of the incumbent act is morally corrupt and guilty

❖The denier of an incumbent act (wajib) is not a disbeliever!

❖It is synonymous Practically obligatory

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6
Q

difference between emphatic sunnah and non emphatic sunnah?

A

emphatic - sunnah of guidance
non emphatic - extra sunnah

After prophet RA , the caliph performed persistently vs missed without cause
it is not fardh or wajib

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7
Q

key thing about non-emphatic sunnah

A

preferred not to leave it if possible

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8
Q

what about mastahaab?

A

desirable/ voluntary
no sin for omitting
reward for doing

e.g. nafl prayers

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9
Q

what are the two catergories this can fall into?

A

personal -ayn
communal -kifayah

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10
Q

Examples of each of personal and communal

A

Personal

Obligatory: fast
Necessary: witr
Sunnah: congregational

Community

  1. Obligatory: Funeral prayer
  2. Necessary: Responding to salaams
  3. Sunnah:10 day ramadan itikaf
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11
Q

what are the features of something that is haram

A

❖it is forbidden
❖demonstrates the refraining of its action by means of conclusive evidence
❖Someone who denies it is a disbeliever
❖Its performer is morally corrupt and liable to punishment

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12
Q

what are features of something that is Makruh Tahrimi?

A

❖Opposite of wajib
❖should be avoided /necessary avoid
❖No conclusive evidence but frowned upon greatly
❖some punishment
❖not a disbeliever if carries out the action

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13
Q

what is the meaning of offensive ?

A

(Isa’ah)
opposite of an sunnah emphatic

Whoever performs it occasionally deserves to be reproached
❖Whoever performs it regularly deserves to be punished

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14
Q

what is Makruh tanzihi

A

s the opposite of non-emphatic Sunnah (Sunnah Ghayr Mu’akkadah) and close to lawful (Halal)

❖Refraining from it is better though there is no harm in its performance

❖Nevertheless performing it is not liked in the Shari’a

for example, splashing aggressive during wudu

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15
Q

khilaf al-Awla meaning

A

hilaf al-Awla is the opposite of desirable (Mustahabb)
should avoid but no punishment or consequences

16
Q

what is mubah?

A

❖An action to which neither command to do and nor prohibition have been applied

❖It is permissible because the origin of all things is permissibility

❖Its ruling is the same in the sense that one is not rewarded for its performance nor is he blamed for abstaining from it,

17
Q

who is the main imaam of hanafi school of thought?

A

Imaam Abu Hanifah al-Numaan ibn Thaabit al Kufi ( 80-150 AH).

❖Also known as al-Imaam al-‘Azam ( the great Imaam)

❖He is the most senior & the Founder of the Hanafi School He is the teacher of the other two Imaams.

18
Q

who did the main imam teach?

A
  1. Imaam Abu Yusuf Ya’qub ibn Ibraheem al-Ansari ( 113-181 AH)

Sometimes referred to as al-Imaam al-Thaani ( the second Imaam)

  1. Imaam Abu Abdillah Muhammad ibn al-Hassan al-Shaybani ( 132-189 AH)

❖Sometimes referred to as al-Imaam al-Thaalith ( the third Imaam)

19
Q

what are the terminologies for which imams

A

A saying attributed to mutual statement of:

  1. shaykhayn (1 +2) - two elders)
  2. Sahibayn (The 2 Disciples) -2+3

❖ Tarafayn (the ends) -1+3

20
Q

example of fardh al ayn and fardh al kafiyan?

A
  1. namaz, fasting
  2. janazah prayer

fiqh (7 decks)

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