Intro

Question 1

SMALL INTESTINE:

Answer 1

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 2

LARGE INTESTINE:

Answer 2

Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

Question 3

• Mechanical digestion (chewing).
• Chemical digestion begins (salivary amylase
breaks down starch).
• Forms bolus for swallowing

Answer 3

Mouth (Oral Cavity)
Parts: Teeth, tongue, salivary glands.

Question 4

• Passageway for food from mouth to
esophagus.
• Initiates swallowing reflex

Answer 4

Pharynx

Question 5

Transports food to the stomach via peristalsis.
• Lower esophageal sphincter prevents acid
reflux

Answer 5

Esophagus

Question 6

Stomach
• Parts

Answer 6

Parts: Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus.

Question 7

• Stores food temporarily.
• Mechanical digestion (churning).
• Chemical digestion of proteins (pepsin,
HCl).
• Converts bolus into chyme.

Answer 7

Stomach

Question 8

Small Intestine Parts

Answer 8

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Question 9

Major site of digestion and absorption.

Answer 9

Small Intestine

Question 10

Absorbs nutrients.

Answer 10

Jejunum:

Question 11

Receives bile and pancreatic
enzymes.

Answer 11

Duodenum

Question 12

.
• : Absorbs bile salts, vitamin B12.

Answer 12

Ileum

Question 13

. Large Intestine (Colon) Parts

Answer 13

Cecum, ascending, transverse,
descending, sigmoid colon, rectum.

Question 14

Absorbs water and electrolytes.
• Forms and stores feces.
• Houses gut microbiota.

Answer 14

Large Intestine (Colon

Question 15

Stores feces.
• Controls defecation through anal sphincters.

Answer 15

Rectum and Anus

Question 16

Accessory Organs

Answer 16

Liver
Gallblader
Pancreas

Question 17

Produces bile to emulsify fats.
•
Processes nutrients, detoxifies substances.

Answer 17

Liver

Question 18

Stores and concentrates bile.
•
Releases bile into duodenum.

Answer 18

Gallbladder

Question 19

Produces digestive enzymes (lipase, amylase,
proteases).
• Secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach
acid.

Answer 19

Pancreas

Question 20

The process of taking
food into the mouth.

Answer 20

Ingestion

Question 21

Key Structures Involved Ingestion

Answer 21

Mouth,
teeth, tongue, salivary glands.

Question 22

Mechanical breakdown via
chewing (mastication).
• Chemical breakdown begins with
saliva (amylase).
.

Answer 22

Ingestion

Question 23

Movement of food
through the GI tract.

Answer 23

Propulsion

Question 24

voluntary phase in the mouth.

Answer 24

Swallowing (deglutition)

Question 25

– involuntary, rhythmic muscular contractions that move food along the GI tract.

Answer 25

Peristalsis –

Question 26

Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces. Processes Include: • Chewing in the mouth. • Churning in the stomach. • Segmentation in the small intestine (mixes food with digestive juices).

Answer 26

Mechanical Digestion

Question 28

Breakdown of food into simpler nutrients using enzymes. Sites and Enzymes: • Mouth: salivary amylase. • Stomach: pepsin (protein digestion). • Small intestine: enzymes from pancreas and intestinal lining (carbohydrates, proteins, fats).

Answer 28

Chemical Digestion

Question 30

The transport of nutrients from the GI tract into the bloodstream or lymph.

Answer 30

Absorption

Question 31

Major site of absorbtion

Answer 31

Small intestine (especially the jejunum). . Absorbed Substances: • Nutrients: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals. • Water and electrolytes (also in large intestine). ).

Question 33

Removal of indigestible substances and waste products as feces.

Answer 33

Elimination (Defecation) Structures Involved: Large intestine, rectum, anus.

Question 34

Additional Functions

Answer 34

Protection: Mucosa and immune defenses protect against pathogens. • Hormone Secretion: GI tract releases hormones (e.g., gastrin, secretin) that regulate digestion. • Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Regulates water and electrolytes absorbed or secreted.