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Organic Chemistry > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

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1
Q

Who synthesized urea? He heated aqueous solution of two inorganic compounds.

A

Friedrich Wohler

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2
Q

How is urea formed?

A

NH4Cl + AgNCO -> NH2CONH2 + AgCl

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3
Q

MF of ammonium chloride

A

NH4Cl

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4
Q

MF of silver cyanate

A

AgNCO

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5
Q

MF of urea

A

NH2CNOH2

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6
Q

MF of silver chloride

A

AgCl

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7
Q

In the early days of Chemistry, there were _____ classes of compounds

A

2

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8
Q

They though a ______ possessed only by living organisms was necessary to produce organic compounds

A

Vital force

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9
Q

Who gave the modern definition of organic compounds? He also put forth the structural theory of organic chemistry

A

Friedrich Kekule 1829-1896)

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10
Q

Modern definition of organic compounds

A

Compounds containing carbon

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11
Q

Chemistry of living organisms

A

Biochemistry

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12
Q

Study of c-compounds

A

Organic chemistry

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13
Q

Significance of c-compounds in life

A
  1. Biochemistry
  2. Food
  3. Fuel
  4. Natural and synthetic fibers
  5. Drugs and medicine
  6. Agricultural chemicals
  7. Color
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14
Q

Compounds containing either C-C or C-H bond or both

A

Organic compounds

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15
Q

What are common to all organic compounds?

A
  1. They are composed of CHONSP Halogens
  2. They are large molecules
  3. They nearly burn to form black soot
  4. They are usually soluble in organic solvents but not water
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16
Q

On what date was urea synthesized?

A

1828

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17
Q

Reasons why Organic Chemistry is devoted to carbon compounds

A

C-atoms form stable bonds with other C-atoms
C-atoms form stable bonds with CHONSP halogens
C-atoms form 4 bonds and these can be made in many ways

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18
Q

Difference between organic and inorganic compounds

A

Organic: covalent; low melting point (less than 360 degrees celsius); insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents; do not conduct electricity; almost all burn; reactions are very slow

Inorganic: ionic, high MP; soluble in water; insoluble in organic solvents; conduct electricity; very few burn; reactions are fast

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19
Q

describes the exact number of each kind of an atom in a compound

A

Molecular Formula

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20
Q

provides the exact number of each kind of an atom in a compound but also the bonding arrangement of these atoms

A

Structural Formula

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21
Q

a structural formula in which not all the bonds or atoms are individually shown; a short-hand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H are understood rather than shown

A

Condensed Structural Formula

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22
Q

are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula; one of two or more molecules that contain the same atoms but have different arrangements of those atoms

A

Isomers

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23
Q

are molecules that have the same chemical formula but differ in the order in which the atoms are connected

A

Structural Isomers

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24
Q

are molecules with the same chemical formula and the same molecular structure, but their atoms arranged differently within this structure

A

Stereoisomers

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25
Two types of Stereoisomers
Geometric Isomers | Optical Isomers
26
are molecules with the same atomic organization but with atoms placed at different positions
Geometric isomers
27
two types of Geometric isomers
cis-configuration | trans-configuration
28
functional groups are attached on the same side of the double bond
Cis-configuration
29
functional groups are attached on opposite sides of the double bond
Trans-configuration
30
mirror images of each other, yet they cannot be superimposed on each other
Optical Isomers
31
IUPAC
Internation Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
32
3 parts of IUPAC name
prefix parent suffix
33
identifies location of the constituent (WHERE?)
Prefix
34
tells how many carbons are in that part (HOW MANY?)
Parent
35
Identifie the functional group/family that the molecule belongs to (WHAT FAMILY?)
Suffix
36
are the simplest of all compounds since it contains only C&H
Hydrocarbon
37
Two Major Classes of Hydrocarbon
Aliphatic Hydrocarbon | Aromatic Hydrocarbon
38
two types of Aliphatic HC
Saturated HC | Unsaturated HC
39
in which all C-C bonds are single
Saturated HC
40
Ex. of Saturated HC
Alkanes
41
in which the molecules have at least on C=C double bonds and C=C triple bonds
Unsaturated HC
42
Examples of Unsaturated HC
double bonds - Alkenes | triple bonds - Alkynes
43
Ex. of Aromatic HC
Benzene
44
is the simplest and most important hydrocarbon
Benzene
45
other name for Alkanes
Paraffin Series
46
General formula of Alkanes
CnH2n+2
47
are hydrocarbons where all C-C bonds are single bonds
Alkanes
48
Composition of Alkanes
C, H, single bond
49
Paraffin Series derived from
parum and affinis meaning "little affinity"
50
also called saturated hydrocarbon because they contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Alkanes
51
Suffix of Alkanes
-ane
52
3 Types of Alkanes
Straight-Chain Alkane Branched Alkanes Cycloalkanes
53
alkanes with all carbons connected in a continuous line
Straight-Chain Alkane
54
alkanes with branching connection of carbons; are compounds in which shorter C-chains (alkyl groups) are attached to longer C-skeletons
Branched Alkanes
55
compouns with ring of carbons
Cycloalkanes
56
general formula of Cycloalkanes
CnH2n
57
smallest right of Cycloalkanes
contains 3 carbon atoms
58
symbol of Alkyl groups
R-
59
hydrocarbon chain with one open point of attachment
Alkyl groups
60
suffix of Alkyl
-yl
61
one hydrogen atom is removed in an alkane
alkyl
62
Steps in IUPAC Naming of Branched Chain Alkanes
1. Name the parent chain 2. Number the carbon atoms in the main chain 3. Identify the branching substituents 4. Write name as single word
63
Kinds of Organic Reactions
Addition Reaction Elimination Reaction Substitution reactions Rearrangement Reaction
64
occur when two reactants add together to form a single new product with no atoms "left over"
Addition Reaction
65
the opposite of addition reactions. | occur when a single organic reactant splits into products often with formation of H20 or HCl
Elimination Reaction
66
occur when two reactants exchange parts to give new products
Substitution Reaction
67
occur when a single organic reactant undergoes a recognization of bonds and atoms to yield a single isometric product
Rearrangement reactions
68
Reactions of Alkanes
Alkanes do not react with acids, bases, reagents Combustion- alkanes react with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O Halogenation- the replacement of an alkane hydrogen by a chlorine, bromie, or other halogens
69
substitution with chlorine atoms
Chlorination
70
Uses of Alkanes
gaseous alkanes - fuels and production of gasoline by polymerization liquid alkanes - solvent, motor fuel, illuminating fuel solid alkanes (paraffins) - manufacture of candles, home canning, water proofing fabrics
71
Formula of Alkyl Halides
R-H
72
are organic halogen compounds which one or more hydrogens are replaced by a halogen
Alkyl halides
73
are trihalogen derivatives of Ch4
Haloforms
74
Bromoform/ tribromomethane/methyltribromide
CHBr3
75
addition of H2
Hydrogenation
76
removal of H2
Dehydrogenation
77
addition of halogen
Halogenation
78
removal of halogen
Dehalogenation
79
addition of H2O
Hydration
80
removal of H20
Dehydration
81
addition of alkyl halides
Hydrohalogenation
82
removal of alkyl halides
Dehydrohalogenation
83
formula of Alkenes
CnH2n
84
other name for Alkene
Ethylene Series
85
compostion of Alkene
C,H and =
86
Alkenes are
olefins (oil making)
87
suffix of alkenes
-ene
88
other name of Alkynes
Acetylene Series
89
formula of Alkynes
CnH2n-2
90
composition of Alkynes
C,H triple bond
91
suffix of Alkynes
-yne
92
combination of double and triple bond
Enyne
93
discovered Benzene
Michael Faraday
94
SF of Benzene
C6H6
95
Types of Benzene
Monosubstituted Disubstituted Polysubstituted
96
ortho
1,2
97
meta
1.3
98
para
1,4

Organic Chemistry (3 decks)

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