Intro

Question 1

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 1

The Chemistry of carbon containing compounds

Question 2

Why does carbon form vast numbers of compounds?

Answer 2

It can form strong covalent bonds with itself

Question 3

What do the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds depend on?

Answer 3

The number and arrangement of carbon atoms in the molecule

The functional group of the compound

Question 4

What is a functional group?

Answer 4

A specific atom/group of atoms which give certain physical and chemical properties to the molecule

Question 5

Define homologous series

Answer 5

Organic compounds with the same functional group but different number of C atoms

Question 6

Give the 4 main characteristics of a homologous series

Answer 6

Same general formula

Similar chemical properties

Trend in physical properties

One differs from the next by CH2

Question 7

Give the general formula of alkanes

Answer 7

Cn H2n+2

Question 8

Give the general formula of cycloalkanes

Answer 8

Cn C2n

Question 9

Give the general formula of alkenes

Answer 9

Cn H2n

Question 10

Give the functional group of Haloalkanes

Answer 10

|
-C-halogen
|

Question 11

Give the suffix for alkanes

Answer 11

-ane

Question 12

Give the prefix/ suffix for cycloalkanes

Answer 12

Cyclo…ane

Question 13

Give the prefix/ suffix for alkenes

What is the functional group

Answer 13

-ene

C=C

Question 14

Give the prefix/ suffix for haloalkanes

Answer 14

Fluoro- 
Chloro 
Bromo-
Iodo-  
                    -ane

Question 15

Give the prefix/ suffix for alcohols

What is the functional group

Answer 15

___ ol

OR

hydroxy_____

-OH

Question 16

Give the prefix/ suffix for aldehydes

Give the functional group

Answer 16

___al

-C=O
|
H

Question 17

Give the prefix/ suffix for ketones

What is the functional group

Answer 17

_____one

 C
 |
C=O
 |
C

Question 18

Give the prefix/ suffix for carboxylic acids

Give the functional group

Answer 18

___oic acid

-C=O
|
OH

Question 19

Give the prefix/ suffix for acyl chlorides

Give the functional group

Answer 19

___oyl chloride

O
|| R-C-Cl

Question 20

Give the prefix/ suffix for acid anhydrides

Answer 20

-anoic anhydride

Question 21

Give the prefix/ suffix for esters

Give functional group

Answer 21

-yl ___anoate

O 
|| R-C-OR’

Question 22

Give the prefix/ suffix for nitriles

Give the functional group

Answer 22

-ane nitrile

N
|||
C-

Question 23

Give the prefix/ suffix for amines

Give the functional group

Answer 23

___yl amine

OR

Amino____ ane

|
C-NH2
|

Question 24

Give the prefix/ suffix for amides

Give the functional group

Answer 24

-amide

O
|| R-C-NH2

Question 25

Give the prefix/ suffix for N-substituted amides

Answer 25

N- ___ yl -anamide Eg N-methyl ethanamide

Question 26

Give the functional group for N substituted amides

Answer 26

``` O || R-C-N-R’ | H ```

Question 27

Give the prefix/ suffix for aromatics

Answer 27

Phenyl____ OR - benzene

Question 28

Give the functional group for acid anhydrides

Answer 28

O O || || R-C-O-C-R

Question 29

Define molecule formula

Answer 29

Shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 30

Define empirical formula

Answer 30

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 31

Define structural formula

Answer 31

Show how the atoms are joined together in a molecule

Question 32

Define displayed formula

Answer 32

Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

Question 33

Define skeletal formula

Answer 33

Uses lines to represent bonds Each point represents a C atom H atoms and bonds to them are not usually shown unless part of a functional group

Question 34

How to remember order of methyl, ethyl etc

Answer 34

Monkeys Eat Peanut Butter

Question 35

What order are prefixes put into? Are di, tri, tetra, etc taken into account

Answer 35

Alphabetical No

Question 36

If more than one of the same functional group is present what do you use for nomenclature

Answer 36

``` 2- di 3- tri 4- tetra 5- penta 6- hexa ```

Question 37

Define structural isomerism

Answer 37

Same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 38

Define stereoisomerism

Answer 38

Same structural formula but a different arrangement in space

Question 39

3 kinds of structural isomerism

Answer 39

Chain Position Functional group

Question 40

2 types of stereoisomers

Answer 40

Geometric | Optical

Question 41

Define chain isomerism

Answer 41

Same molecular formula but different length Carbon chain

Question 42

Define position isomer

Answer 42

Same molecular formula and same length C chain but functional group is attached at different positions along the chain

Question 43

Define functional group isomerism

Answer 43

Same molecular formula but different functional group

Question 44

# Define a) general formula b) Molecular formula | c) empirical formula

Answer 44

Shows the number of atoms of each element in a substance with n carbon atoms Shows the actual number of atoms of each element Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element

Question 45

# Define structural formula Define displayed formula

Answer 45

Shows how the atoms are joined together in a molecule Shows every atom and every bone in the molecule

Question 46

What does IUPAC stand for

Answer 46

International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry

Question 47

What are priority rules for E Z

Answer 47

Stage 1: consider atomic number of atoms on left side carbon of C=C High atomic number takes priority If both atoms the same consider atoms 1 bond further away. Atom with higher atomic number takes priority Stage 2: repeat for RHS Stage 3: if Priority on the same side =Z of on opposite = E

Question 48

How are stereoisomers used in biology?

Answer 48

Enzymes catalysed reactions result in stereospecific products eg (+) glucose can be digested but (-) glucose cannot One enantiomer of aspartic acid tastes sweet whereas the other tastes bitter DRUGS - (lock and key model)

Question 49

How would you overcome the problem of a racemic mixture for drugs?

Answer 49

Separate isomers which is difficult because they have the same chemical properties Sell the drug as a mixture (but half is useless) Only make the required isomer

Question 50

What was the problem for thalidomide?

Answer 50

The body could convert the useful enantiomer into the dangerous one naturally