Intro/Adaptation Quiz Flashcards
ethologists
trained in zoology, focused on evolution in one species to understand the behavior of that one species, started in England
behaviorists
trained in psychology, focused on how the environment affected the behavior of animals of the same species, started in north america, used animal behaviors
the greats
lorenz, tinberg, von frisch though that all animals are born with the ability to form any behavior you will need for the rest of your life, they were ethologists
Operant Conditioning
Every animal will make decisions based on (good/bad) consequences
Figured out by use of ‘Skiner Box’ by Skiner
Von Frisch
studied the dance of bees
Tinbergen 4 ideas
Causation
Development
Evolution
Function
Tinbergen 4 Questions
Mechanism that causes the behavior?
Behavior develop?
Function of behavior?
How did behavior evolve?
Bergmanns Rule
Smaller sized breeds of a given species are found in warmer parts of their range
Obervational, experimental, and comparative methods of animal behavior studies
Observational method=scientists observe and record the behavior of organisms without manipulating the environment or the animal.
Experimental method=scientists manipulate or change a variable to examine how it affects the behavior of the animals.
Comparative method=scientists examine differences and similarities between species to understand the evolution of behaviors.
Population regulated
With factors such as starvation, disease, predators, natural disasters
Natural selection
Proposed by Alfred Russell Wallace
Natural selection is the differential reproduction and survivorship among individuals in a population and results in adaptive evolution
Kin selection and altruism
Kin selection is known to be a form of natural selection. Individuals can increase their fitness by helping close relative, because close relative share the helper’s gener. This is used to explain altruism. Altruism is a type of adaptation that benefits the whole, not the individual.
Why study animal behavior
We think they cannot talk
We are trying to understand what they are doing and why
Great interest in animals
We rely on them for a lot
Ethology
Study of behavior
Lorenz
Instinctive behavior in birds. Especially imprinting
Fixed action pattern
Fixed action patterns are a performance of behavior that occurs the same way every single time the animal sees the “sign stimuli”/same situation. It is an innate releasing mechanism.
What is the difference between ethologists and behaviorists?
An ethologist is concerned with identifying and describing species-species specific behaviors and trained in zoology. A behaviorist is trained in psychology and rejected the notion of instinct.
Please define “operant conditioning”
Operant conditioning is the ideology that behavior is controlled by consequences both good and bad. It suggests that animals will always perform in a way that provides them the greatest reward and avoids punishment.
Skiner
Define stereotypic behavior
Also known as captivity-induced behavior anomalies. An animal acts a certain way from captivity.
EX: head bobbing, weaving, pawing
Nobel Prize date
1972
Ethogram
inventory of animal behaviors
Time budget
Measure of the behavior divided by the overall time spent observing the animal
Aristotle
He had a lot of different ideas
Philosopher
Everything came from god
Humans were humans cb god wanted humans to be humans
Darwin said no god has nothing to do with anything
Evolution to darwin was a change in allele frequencies over time because of natural selection
Skinner Operant conditioning
Idea that animals will act in a way that gives them the best consequence (want good, avoid bad)
