Flashcards in Intro and History Deck (54)
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1
Eukarya
+ Fungi
+ Algae
+ Protozoa
2
Fungi classification
Classical taxonomy:
+ Sexual reproductive mode
+ Morphology
+ Biochemistry
+ Ecology
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Algae classification
Classified by pigmentation color
4
Protozoa classification
Classical taxonomy based on mode of motility
5
Non-Cellular
+ Viruses
+ Sub-viral entities
6
Who invented the first simple microscope?
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
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Who discovered microorganisms?
Robert Hooke
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Who invented the compound microscope?
Robert Hooke
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Bacteria
(16S rRNA genes) prokaryotic; eubacteria; include blue-green algae/cyanobacteria
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Archaea
(16S rRNA genes) prokaryotic; archaebacteria; recently discovered; e.g. halophiles, methanogens, piezophiles
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Eukarya
(18S rRNA genes)
fungi, algae, protozoa
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J. M. Berkeley (1845)
Potato blight Ireland caused by a fungus (Phytophthora infestans)
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Pasteur
silkworm disease etiology caused by a protozoan
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Helicobacter pylori
gastric/stomach ulcers; stomach cancer
15
Oral streptococci
heart valve diseases
16
Semmelweiss
childbirth fever deaths
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Joseph Lister (1867)
+ antiseptic techniques for surgery
+ carbolic acid (phenol) is still used as an index of effectiveness of antiseptics (phenol coefficient)
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Ivanovski (1892)
Tobacco mosaic virus
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Nutrient media from extracts of natural materials: plant material, etc. think about today's media
Robert Koch
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melts at 100C solidifies ~45C
Agar
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melts at 28C, easily digested
Gelatin
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Who invented the petri dish?
Richard Petri
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Microbe present in every case of the disease but absent in healthy host.
Koch's first postulate
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Suspected microbe can be isolated and grown in pure culture.
Koch's second postulate
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Same disease must be produced when a healthy host is inoculated with that microbe.
Koch's third postulate
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Same microbes must be isolatable from newly diseased host
Koch's fourth postulate
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Viable but non culturbale (VBNC) microbes
Limitations of Koch's postulates
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Unethical testing, e.g. human hosts
Limitations to Koch's postulate
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When did Edward Jenner first practice vaccination (vacca = cow) ?
In 1790
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