intro comm ch. 4

Question 1

a complete unit of talk bounded by the speakers literal or figurative silence

Answer 1

utterance

Question 2

the exchange of utterances

Answer 2

turn-talking

Question 3

a system of symbols used by people to communicate

Answer 3

language

Question 4

the collection of words and expressions in a language

Answer 4

lexicon

Question 5

the sounds used to pronounce words

Answer 5

phonology

Question 6

rules for combining words to form sentences and larger units of expression

Answer 6

syntax and grammar

Question 7

all people who can speak or understand a particular language

Answer 7

language community

Question 8

a unique form of a more general language spoken by a specific culture or co-culture

Answer 8

dialect

Question 9

smaller groups that speak a common dialect

Answer 9

speech communities

Question 10

our own personal symbol system that includes our active vocabularies and our unique pronunciations, grammar, and syntax

Answer 10

idiolect

Question 11

arbitrarily chosen symbols used to represent thoughts and feelings

Answer 11

words

Question 12

meaning derived from the words themselves and how they are arranged into sentences

Answer 12

semantic meaning

Question 13

the direct, explicit meaning of a word found in the dictionary of a language community

Answer 13

dennotation

Question 14

feelings or evaluations associated with a word

Answer 14

connotation

Question 15

precise words that clarify semantic meaning by narrowing what is understood from a general category to a particular item or group within it

Answer 15

specific language

Question 16

words that clarify semantic meaning by appealing to the senses

Answer 16

concrete language

Question 17

inclusive word choices that demonstrate respect for others

Answer 17

linguistic sensitivity

Question 18

use of words that do not apply only to one sex, race, or other group

Answer 18

inclusive language

Question 19

understanding a message related to its conversational context

Answer 19

pragmatic meaning

Question 20

the utterance of a verbal message by a speaker and what it implies about how the listener should respond

Answer 20

speech act

Question 21

meaning that varies according to the norms of a particular culture or co-culture

Answer 21

sociolinguistic meaning

Question 22

expressions whose meanings are different from literal meanings associated with the words used in them

Answer 22

idioms

Question 23

language that openly states the speaker’s intention in a straightforward and unambiguous way

Answer 23

direct verbal style

Question 24

language that masks the speaker’s true intentions in a roundabout and ambiguous way

Answer 24

indirect verbal style

Question 25

paying attention to what is happening at any given moment during a conversation

Answer 25

mindfulness