Intro lecture Flashcards
(20 cards)
1
Q
what are the two approaches to animal behavior
A
ethology and comparative psychology
- they are complementary, not divergent
2
Q
what is ethology
A
- scientific study of behavior
- behavior evolved and we need to quantify it as we do for our body parts
3
Q
What is comparative psychology?
A
- humans can’t be that fundamentally different from animals, especially other mammals
- to understand humans, we can study animals
4
Q
who are the two pioneers of ethology
A
- Niko Tinbergen
- Konrad Lorenz
5
Q
Konrad Lorenz
A
- pioneer of ethology
- Famous for imprinting - imprinted on geese so they followed him instead of their mother
6
Q
Fixed action patter (FAP)
A
- a recognizable unit of behavior that is characteristic of a particular species
- ex: even blind and deaf children laugh and smile when tickled
7
Q
what are releasing stimuli
A
- the determining feature of a stimulus that produces a response
ex: red is that releasing stimuli that triggered the FAP of begging in seagulls
8
Q
Edward Throndike
A
- Thorndike’s puzzle boxes - all animals seemed to learn the same way
- concluded that there are universal mechanisms for learning
- animals showed trial and error learning
9
Q
BF Skinner
A
- argued that any behavior can be conditioned
- animals learn through association
10
Q
What are Timbergen’s Questions
A
- evolution
- function
- mechanism
- development
- answers are complementary, not mutually exclusive
11
Q
what is the CNS composed of
A
- the brain and the spinal chord
12
Q
what is the PNS composed of
A
- neurons outside the CNS
13
Q
afferent vs efferent
A
- afferent is things going in the body
- efferent is going out
14
Q
Single cell electrophysiology
A
- study measuring the electrical activity of individual cells
- allows you to find individual cells that correlate with precise spatial informations and threatening stimuli and escape responses
15
Q
fMRI
A
- BOLD signal, where magnetic field is associated with blood oxygen
- allows us to match functions of different parts of the brain with different activities
16
Q
Fluorescence calcium imaging
A
- allows us to see brain activity during different behaviors
- monitors calcium levels using fluorescent probes
17
Q
who is phineas gage
A
- pole went through his head
- had specific personality changes after an industrial accident
18
Q
Paul Broca
A
- discovered the Broca region
- area of the brain associated with speech production
19
Q
Broadmann regions
A
- separating the brain into regions by cell type
20
Q
connectomes
A
- more modern way of studying neuroanatomy
- spatial connectivity of neural pathways in the brain
- brain can control 100 trillion 1s and 0s
