Flashcards in Intro Test Deck (47):
1
Anatomy
The study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts in relation to one another
2
Physiology
The study of how the body and its parts works or function
3
Superior
Towards the head
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Inferior
Away from the head
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Anterior
Towards the FRONT of the body
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Posterior
Toward the backside
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Medial
Towards the midline
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Lateral
Away from the midline
9
Intermediate
Between a medial and lateral structure
10
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body or limb attachment point
11
Distal
Father from the origin of the body or limb attachment part
12
Superficial
Towards the body surface
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Deep
Away from the body surface
14
Sagittal
Split into left and right sides
15
Frontal
Sliced like a bun
16
Transverse
Horizontally cut at the waist
17
Dorsal body cavities
Cranial and spinal cavity
18
Ventral body cavities
Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic
19
What splits the thoracic and abdominal cavity?
The diaphram
20
Homeostatsis
The body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is constantly changing
21
Negative feedback
the net effect of the response to the stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its integrity
22
Positive feedback
increases the original disturbance and pushes the variable farther from its original value
23
Nervous system
Allows the body to respond to stimuli coming from both outside and inside the body
24
Endocrine system
controls long term signaling through the use of hormones
25
Cardiovascular system
carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to and from tissue cells where exchanges are made
26
Respiratory system
keeps the body constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
27
Digestive system
breaks down food and delivers the products to the blood for dispersal to the body cells
28
Excretory system
removes nitrogen-containing wastes from the body
29
Reproductive system
primary role is to produce offspring
30
Integumentary
the skin
waterproofs the body, regulates temp, protects, excretes salts and urea
31
Lymphatic
involved in immunity
returns leaked fluid from the blood to the blood vessels
32
What is the importance of maintaining boundaries?
The inside has to be separated from the outside.
33
Metabolism
the sum of total chemical reactions that occur in the body
34
Anabolism
the energy-requiring building phase of metabolism in which simple substances are combined to form complex substances
35
Catabolism
the process that breaks things down into simpler substances
36
Adrenal gland
controls the rate of metabolism
37
Adrenaline
the chief hormone of the adrenal medulla
fight or flight
38
Thryoid
main hormone produced by the thyroid gland
increases metabolism
39
BMR
basal metabolic rate
estimates how many calories you would burn per day if you did nothing
40
Graves disease
An immune disorder that occurs in the thyroid
thyroid overproduces hormones
anxiety, goiter, enlarged thyroid, weight loss
41
Exopthalmus
bulging of the eyes
42
Goiter
a benign enlargement of the thyroid gland
43
Cretinism
a severe thyroid deficiency in youth that leads to stunted physical and mental growth
44
Responsiveness
the ability to sense changes in the environment and then react to them
45
Absorption
essential part of digestion that allows food to truly enter the body
46
Sign
the appearance of a symptom
can be measured
ex: vomitting
47