INTRO TO BIOCHEM

Question 1

Life depends on

Answer 1

biochemical reactions

Question 2

Substance found within a living organism

Answer 2

Biochemical Substance

Question 3

Biochemical Substance groups:

Answer 3

Bioinorganic
Bioorganic

Question 4

Bioinorganic

Answer 4

water (2/3) and inorganic salts (4-5 %)

Question 5

Bioorganic

Answer 5

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
(1/4 body mass)

Question 6

Branches of Biochemistry

Answer 6

Medical Biochemistry
Pharmaceutical Biochemistry

Question 7

Medical Biochemistry

Answer 7

human health and disease
Clinical chemistry
Methodology and interpretation of chemical tests (diagnosis and treatment)

Question 8

Clinical laboratories, consults, diagnoses and treatment (metabolic disorders and biochemical
abnormalities)

Answer 8

Medical chemist

Question 9

understanding the normal state of the body to identify abnormalities

Answer 9

Medical Biochemistry

Question 10

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry

Answer 10

Drug affect biochemistry and metabolism
Data of biochemistry and chemistry in medicine production
Science of medicine, clinical uses, adverse effects,
Chemical process associated with drug action

Question 11

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Other coverage:

Answer 11

o Drug delivery
o Enzymology
o Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
o Clinical pharmacology

Question 12

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Data on:

Answer 12

o Adverse effects
o Molecular targets
o Characterization of medicine or
different chemical substance

Question 13

(heart of genetics)

Answer 13

Biochemistry of the nucleic acids

Question 14

Traditional - noninfectious disease

Answer 14

normal flora

Question 15

abnormal growth/population

Answer 15

Pathologic - infectious

Question 16

Pharmacogenetics:

Answer 16

▪ Effects of genes on drug response
▪ Diagnostic clinical biochemistry laboratories
▪ Genetic factors - changes in drug metabolic rate

Question 17

Study body functions

Answer 17

Physiology

Question 18

in cancer cells

Answer 18

Oncogenes

Question 19

involved in the control of normal cell growth

Answer 19

Molecular mechanisms

Question 20

drug acting on a particular part or cell

Answer 20

molecular target/ specificity

Question 21

determining what is the drug and its behavior

Answer 21

Characterization

Question 22

Optimal way to absorb

Answer 22

Drug delivery

Question 23

What the body does to the drug

Answer 23

Pharmacokinetics

Question 24

What the drug does to the body

Answer 24

Pharmacodynamics

Question 25

Mechanism of action

Answer 25

Clinical Pharmacy

Question 26

the transformation of biomolecules

Answer 26

metabolize

Question 27

identifying genes to know which disease they are prone to

Answer 27

Gene Mapping

Question 28

the process by which dividing cells change their functional or phenotypical type.

Answer 28

Cell differentiation

Question 29

Immunochemical methods

Answer 29

Biochemical techniques

Question 30

ELISA

Answer 30

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Question 31

any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it

Answer 31

antigen

Question 32

a protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances

Answer 32

antibody

Question 33

Chromosome involve in drug metabolism

Answer 33

CYP 450

Question 34

Immunology Biochemistry:

Answer 34

▪ Qualitative and quantitative analysis of biological fluids (blood, serum or plasma, urine, or tissues) ▪ Chemical constituents or physiologic processes ▪ Evaluation of immune factors ▪ Disease and assessment ▪ Transplant immunosuppression

Question 35

knowledge of biochemistry and physiology

Answer 35

Pharmacology

Question 36

Pharmacology Biochemistry:

Answer 36

• Rational treatments of diseases • Fundamental causes and mechanisms of diseases • Patient response and efficacy of prescribed therapy

Question 37

Toxicology Four main roles:

Answer 37

1. Routine examination of blood chemistry 2. Metabolic fate of poisons 3. Measurements which define at an early stage changes which indicate effects on particular organs 4. Studies to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity

Question 38

Study of disease

Answer 38

Pathology

Question 39

Pathology Biochemistry:

Answer 39

▪ Fundamental causes, mechanisms and diagnoses of diseases ▪ Screening tests for the early diagnosis

Question 40

understanding, maintenance of health, and effective treatment

Answer 40

Physician

Question 41

Optimal dietary intake of a number of chemicals:

Answer 41

o vitamins o amino acids o fatty acids o Minerals o Water

Question 42

Basis of Disease Physical agents:

Answer 42

▪ Mechanical trauma ▪ Extremes of temperature ▪ Sudden changes in atmospheric pressure ▪ Radiation ▪ Electric shock

Question 43

Basis of Disease Chemical agents

Answer 43

▪ Toxic compounds ▪ Therapeutic drugs

Question 44

Basis of Disease Biologic agents:

Answer 44

▪ Viruses ▪ Bacteria ▪ Fungi ▪ Higher forms of parasites

Question 45

Basis of Disease Lack of Oxygen:

Answer 45

▪ Loss of blood supply ▪ depletion of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood ▪ poisoning of the oxidative enzymes

Question 46

Basis of Disease Genetic disorders:

Answer 46

Congenital, molecular

Question 47

Basis of Disease Nutritional imbalances:

Answer 47

Deficiencies, excesses

Question 48

Basis of Disease Immunologic reactions:

Answer 48

Anaphylaxis, autoimmune disease

Question 49

Basis of Disease Endocrine imbalances:

Answer 49

Hormonal deficiencies, excesses.

Question 50

Basis of Disease

Answer 50

Physical agents Chemical agents Biologic agents Lack of Oxygen Genetic disorders Nutritional imbalances Endocrine imbalances Immunologic reactions

Question 51

Investigations and laboratory tests in relation to diseases

Answer 51

1. To reveal the fundamental causes and mechanisms of diseases 2. To suggest rational treatments of diseases based on the fundamental causes and mechanisms of diseases 3. To assist in the diagnosis of specific diseases 4. To act as screening tests for the early diagnosis of certain diseases 5. To assist in monitoring the progress (eg, recovery, worsening, remission, or relapse) of certain diseases 6. To assist in assessing the response of diseases to therapy

Question 52

increase serum creatinine

Answer 52

kidney problems

Question 53

blood glucose level ↑ 120mg/dL

Answer 53

Diabetes mellitus

Question 54

blood thyroxine or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in neonatal → diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 54

Neonatal screening

Question 55

conditions with severe consequences that is → termination of pregnancy

Answer 55

Antenatal (prenatal) Screening:

Question 56

Polymers of amino acids