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BIOCHEM LEC > INTRO TO BIOCHEM > Flashcards

INTRO TO BIOCHEM Flashcards

1
Q

BIOCHEMISTRY IS Concerned with the physio-chemical processes
underlying: (7)

A

Digestion
absorption
circulation
respiration
metabolism
growth
reproduction

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2
Q

2 CHEMISTRIES OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY; PATHOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

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3
Q

NORMAL PROCESSES

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

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4
Q

ABNORMAL PROCESSES

A

PATHOLOGICAL
CHEMISTRY

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5
Q

FOUR (4) MAJOR CLASSES OF BIOMOLECULES

A

❖ Proteins
❖ Nucleic acids
❖ Carbohydrates
❖ Lipids

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6
Q

Swedish founder of biochem.

A

KARL SCHEELE

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7
Q

KARL SCHEELE Studied the chemical composition of water in
MID ______

A

1700

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8
Q

Formulated the cell theory in ____.

A

1840; SCHLEIDEN & SCHWANN

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9
Q

Discovered chromosomes in _____

A

1875; WALTHER FLEMMING

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10
Q

o German scientist
o Coined the word biochem.

A

CARL NEWBERG

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11
Q

Proposed the Kreb cycle of the TriCarboxylic Acid in _____.

A

1937; HANS KREB

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12
Q

Described the glycolytic pathway in _____

A

1925; EMBDEN & MAYERHOFF

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13
Q

Described the double helical structure of DNA
in _____.

A

1953; JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK

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14
Q

GENETIC DISEASE IS A BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF?

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

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15
Q

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA IS A BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF?

A

PROTEINS

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16
Q

ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF?

A

LIPIDS

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17
Q

DIABETES MELLITUS IS A BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF?

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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18
Q

Mechanical trauma

A

PHYSICAL AGENTS

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19
Q

temperature extremes

A

PHYSICAL AGENTS

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20
Q

electric shock.

A

PHYSICAL AGENTS

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21
Q

radiation

A

PHYSICAL AGENT

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22
Q

Toxic compounds, drugs

A

CHEMICAL AGENTS

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23
Q

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites

A

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS

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24
Q

Genes/dna make-up is not complete

A

Genetic Disease

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25
Loss of blood, decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
OXYGEN LACK
26
mitochondrial poisoning
OXYGEN LACK
27
Anaphylaxis, autoimmune disorders
IMMUNOLOGIC REACTIONS
28
Deficiencies, excesses
NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES
29
Hormonal deficiencies/excesses
ENDOCRINE IMBALANCES
30
Are molecules found in living matter.
BIOMOLECULEs
31
BIOMOLECULES 2 BROAD TYPES
o SMALL molecules o MACROMOLECULES
32
a. Essential structures for the basis of life. b. Control and regulate these processes. c. Responsible for energy exchanges, irritability, metabolism, mobility, and reproduction
Importance of Macromolecules:
33
Importance of Macromolecules: a. Essential structures for the ____________________
basis of life
34
Importance of Macromolecules: b. ___ and _____ these processes.
Control; regulate
35
Importance of Macromolecules: c. Responsible for _________, irritability, ________, mobility, and ______
energy exchanges; metabolism; reproduction
36
SIX (6) PRIMORDIAL BIOMOLECULES - ANSSNA
1. AMINO ACIDS 2. NITRGENOUS BASES 3. SUGARS 4. SUGAR ALCOHOL 5. NITROGENOUS ALCOHOL 6. FATTY ACIDS
37
AMINO ACIDS (GAS)
o Glycine o Alanine o Serine
38
NITRGENOUS BASES (PP)
o Pyrimidines o Purines
39
SUGARS (GGM)
o Glucose o Galactose o Mannose
40
SUGAR ALCOHOL (G)
o Glycerol
41
NITROGENOUS ALCOHOL (Ch)
o Choline
42
FATTY ACIDS (PLLA)
o Palmitic acid o Linoleic acid o Linolenic acid o Arachidonic acid
43
means only carbon-carbon single bonds
-an
44
means it contains a carbon-carbon double bond
-en
45
it contains a carbon-carbon triple bond
-yne
46
Contain only CARBON and HYDROGEN
HYDROCARBONS
47
▪ No Benzene rings or a derivative of the benzene ring. ▪ Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes.
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
48
▪ Contain a Benzene ring or a derivative of the benzene ring.
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
49
o Which one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms
substituted hydrocarbons
50
Is an atom of group of atoms arranged in a particular way that is primarily responsible for the chemical and physical properties of the molecule in which it is found
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
51
CARBON-OXYGEN GROUP (C-O) AAK CAE
* Alcohol * Aldehyde * Ketone * Carboxylic Acid * Acid Anhydride * Ether
52
CARBON-SULFUR GROUP (C-S)
* Sulfhydryl * Disulfide
53
CARBON-NITROGEN GROUP
*AMINO *QUATERNARY
54
ESTERS AND AMINE
*THIOESTER *PHOSPHOESTER *ESTER *AMIDE
55
LEADING FAMILIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
HYDROCARBON ALCHOHOL ALDEHYDE ACID ETHER KETONE AMINE ESTER AMIDE
56
Process wherein most of the energy liberated by living matter is derived from the oxidation of organic substances such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins
OXIDATION
57
OXIDATION Two kinds:
▪ ANAEROBIC OXIDATION ▪ AEROBIC OXIDATION
58
Takes place in the presence of free oxygen
ANAEROBIC OXIDATION
59
* Occurs in the absence of free oxygen. * Substances undergoes oxidation either by a loss pf hydrogen, as in the oxidation of Lactic Acid to Pyruvic Acid.
AEROBIC OXIDATION
60
o Reverse of oxidation. o May be brought about by either loss of oxygen or by gain of hydrogen or electrons. o Whenever oxidation occurs, there is a simultaneous and corresponding reduction. o All food and organic substances have the property of taking up oxygen, hence they are reducing agents
REDUCTION
61
o A chemical process in which a molecule of water is added to a substance. o Sometimes this addition causes both substance and water molecule to split into two parts. o Through this process, large molecules are broken down intro smaller and simpler forms.
HYDROLYSIS
62
o The reaction wherein simple fragments unite with one another to form a more complex compound. o Synthesis of complex substances like glycogen and tissue protein is accomplished through this process.
CONDENSATION
63
o AKA isomeric transformation is the intramolecular rearrangement of atoms within a molecule leading to the formation of a news substance having distinctive properties of its own. o EXAMPLE: transformation of Glucose intro Galactose; Galactose into Mannose
TAUTOMERISM
64
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCURING IN LIVING MATTER (IN VIVO) – ORHCT
OXIDATION REDUCTION HYDROLYSIS CONDENSATION TAUTOMERISM
65
o The physical property of a molecule that is repelled from a mass of water. o Alkanes, Oils, and Fats.
HYDROPHOBIC
66
o A physical property of a molecule that can transiently bond with water (H2O) through Hydrogen Bonding.
HYDROPHILIC
67
o Transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another, leading to the formation of ionic bond
IONIC BONDING
68
Sharing pairs of electrons between atoms.
COVALENT BONDING
69
Bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom.
HYDROGEN BONDING

BIOCHEM LEC (11 decks)

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