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BIOCHEM LEC > LIPIDS > Flashcards

LIPIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to a collection of organic molecules of
varying chemical composition

A

LIPIDS

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2
Q

4 main groups LIPIDS

A

o Fatty Acids (Saturated and Unsaturated)
o Glycerides (Glycerol-containing Lipids)
o Nonglyceride Lipids (Sphingolipids, Steroids,
Wax)
o Complex Lipids (Lipoproteins)

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3
Q

lipid structure CPGF

A

Choline
Phosphate
Glycerol
Fatty acids

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4
Q

o Esters of fatty acids with various alcohol
o Fats and waxes

A

Simple lipids

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5
Q

o Esters of fatty acids containing groups in
addition to an alcohol and a fatty acid
o Phospholipids, glycolipids and other complex
lipids like sulfolipids and amino lipids

A

Compound lipids

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6
Q

o derived by hydrolysis from compound and
simple lipids
o alcohols, mono- and diglycerides, carotenoids,
steroids, and terpenes

A

Derived lipids

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7
Q
  • Waxes
A

LIPIDS WITH FATTY ACIDS

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8
Q
  • Fats and oils (triglycerides)
A

LIPIDS WITH FATTY ACIDS

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9
Q
  • Phospholipids
A

LIPIDS WITH FATTY ACIDS

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10
Q
  • Sphingolipids
A

LIPIDS WITH FATTY ACIDS

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11
Q
  • Cholesterol
A

LIPIDS WITHOUT FATTY ACIDS

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12
Q
  • Bile Acids
A

LIPIDS WITHOUT FATTY ACIDS

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13
Q
  • Steroids
A

LIPIDS WITHOUT FATTY ACIDS

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14
Q

fatty acid composition

A

Polar End - hydrophilic
Non-polar End- Hydrophobic

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15
Q

fatty acid with long chain

A

more than 12 carbons

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16
Q

fatty acid with medium chain

A

6-10 carbons

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17
Q

fatty acid with short chain

A

less than 6 carbons

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18
Q

18:2n-6 (PUFA CODE)

A

number of carbons
number of double bonds
number of carbons up to the first double bond

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19
Q

Oleic Acid

A

Omega 9
monounsaturated

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20
Q

Linoleic Acid

A

Omega 6
polyunsaturated

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21
Q

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)

A

Omega 3
polyunsaturated

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22
Q
  • Omega-3:
    o body can make some _____ and ____ from ALA
A

EPA - eicosapentaenoic acid
DHA - docosahexaenoic acid

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23
Q

Examples of omega-6 PUFA

A

Linoleic acid
arachidonic acid

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24
Q
  • H’s on same side of the double bond
  • fold into a U-like formation
  • naturally occurring
A

cis- fatty acids

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25
* H’s on the opposite side of the double bond * occur in partially hydrogenated food
trans- fatty acids
26
C-C BOND OF SATURATED FATTY ACID
single bond
27
C-C BOND OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID
at least 1 double bond
28
Hydrocarbon chains are characteristic of what group of hydrocarbons for SAturated fatty acid?
alkanes
29
Hydrocarbon chains are characteristic of what group of hydrocarbons for unsaturated fatty acid?
alkenes
30
Saturated fatty acid “Shape” of Hydrocarbon chain
Linear, Fully extended
31
“Shape” of Hydrocarbon chain (unsaturated)
Bend in carbon chain at site of C-C double bond
32
Physical state at room temperature of Saturated Fatty acid
solid
33
Physical state at room temperature of unsaturated fatty acid
Liquid
34
Melting point of saturated fatty acid
Higher
35
Melting point of unsaturated fatty acid
Lower
36
fatty acids that canno tbe prepared by the body obtained from diet
Essential fatty acid
37
fatty acids that can be synthesiszed by our body not required from diet
Non-essential fatty acid
38
Examples of essential fatty acid
linoleic acid linolenic acid arachidonic acid
39
examples of non-essential fatty acids
palmitic acid stearic acid
40
Fatty acids react with alcohols to form esters and water
ESTERIFICATION
41
ester are products of deyhdration of a _________ and an _________
carboxylic acid alcohol
42
o Producing fatty acids from esters o Opposite of esterification
ACID HYDROLYSIS
43
o hydrolysis of an ester with a strong base o Is the alkaline hydrolysis of the fatty acid esters
SAPONIFICATION
44
SAPONIFICATION product, an ionized salt, is a soap Have a long ________hydrocarbon tail and a _______ charged terminus (the carboxylate terminus)
uncharged negatively
45
REACTION AT THE DOUBLE BOND – UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
Hydrogenation Partial Hydrogenation
46
polyunsaturated vegetable oils into saturated solid fats
Hydrogenation
47
vegetable oils are converted into solid form
Partial Hydrogenation
48
FAtty acids carry more energy per carbon because they are more _____
reduced
49
Fatty acids carry less water per gram because they are ____________
nonpolar
50
short term energy need
glucose glycogen
51
long term energy needs
fats
52
Are lipid esters that contain the glycerol molecule and fatty acids
glycerides
53
nonionic and nonpolar
Neutral Glycerides
54
have polar region, the phosphoryl group, in addition to the nonpolar fatty acid tails
Phosphoglycerides
55
Produce after the esterification of glycerol with a fatty acid
Neutral Glycerides
56
Neutral Glycerides most important and main storage form of lipids in man, what cell?
adipocytes
57
primary functions of neutral glycerides
store energy
58
Triglyceride structure
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
59
Triglyceride is _ kcals per gram
9
60
food sources of triglycerides
fats and oils omega-3 fatty acids omega-6 fatty acids
61
A mixture of triglycerides containing high proportion of long-chain, saturated fatty acids * Animals – generally solids
FAT
62
Liquid fat * Contain high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids * Plants or Fish – usually liquids
OIL

BIOCHEM LEC (11 decks)

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