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summer biochemistry jonklaas > intro to biochemistry > Flashcards

intro to biochemistry Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

what functional group is this

A

amine

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2
Q

what functional group is this

A

alcohol

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3
Q

what functional group is this

A

thiol

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4
Q

what functional group is this

A

ether

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5
Q

what functional group is this

A

aldehyde

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6
Q

what functional group is this

A

ketone

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7
Q

what functional group is this

A

carboxyulic acid

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8
Q

what is a condensation reaction

A

remove water to join functional groups

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9
Q

hydrolysis reaction

A

add water to break apart functional groups

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10
Q

what does carboxylic acid + alcohol produce

A

ester + water

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11
Q

what does carboxy. acid = amine produce

A

amide + water

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12
Q

what does carboxylic acid + thiol produce

A

thioester + water

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13
Q

what is acyl group

A

group derived from a carboxylic acid by the removal of OH

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14
Q

what does carboxylic acid + carboxylic acid =

A

acid anhydride + water

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15
Q

carboxylix acid + phosphoric aid

A

mixed anhydide + water

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16
Q

phosphoric acid + phosphoric acid =

A

phpspanhydride + water

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17
Q

what do anhydrides contain

A

stored chemical energy

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18
Q

recognize adenosine triphosphate and the anhydride

19
Q

phosphoric acid + alcohol =

20
Q

phosphoric acid + alcohol =

Study These Flashcards
A

phosphodiester

21
Q

compared to anhydrides, phosphoesters are what

Study These Flashcards
A

“low energy” bonds

22
Q

what elements are in 99% of mass of most cells

23
Q

what are bulk elements

24
Q

what were the four steps of prebiotic(chemical evolution)

Study These Flashcards
A

creating monomers
making polymers
making self-replicating systems
making life

25
what was the experiemtn of urey and S miller
demonstration of abiotic formation of organic compounds
26
who proposed monomers are the building blocls
oparin and haldane
27
what did urey and miller have a mixture of
NH3 CH4 H2O gas and H2 at 80 degrees celcius
28
what amino acids did urey and miller exp. have
glycine alanine glutamic acid asparatic acid
29
dna replicates through what
compementarity
30
what relationship do complex moleculds and chemical versatility have
increase in complex molecules= increase in versatility
31
what is complentarity
specific pairing of functional groups
32
what does complemntarity allow
macromolecules to replicate
33
who proposed Rna world
woese crick and orgel
34
what was RNA world theory -hypothesis accepted but not proven
rna capable of carrying genetic informaton and catalysis
35
who discovered the first rna enzyme(ribozyme)
thomas cech
36
what are some concerns with prebiotic evolution
1. low conc of building blocks 2. hydrolysis favore 3. unstable at high temp 4. do not replicate
37
what are the problems with chemical evolution
-chiral center made in lab = racemic mixture - AA produced in urey were racemic -proteins are L amino acids = homochirality 50:50 mix - earth atmosphre was never as reducing as urey and miller experiment - amino acids + nitrogen might have been formed in deep sea
38
phylogeny is based on what
taxonomy- the way something looks
39
who discovered the third superkingdom Archae
carl woese
40
who used a phylogeny using ribosomal rna sequences as an evolutionary measure
carl woese
41
prokaryotic description
- single plasma membrane - no nucleus -small in size (1-10 um) - fission or budding -absorption - no organellles
42
eukaryotic desription
large complex nucleus with many organelles
43
who came up with the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria
lynn margulis
44
what is the endosymbiotic theory
mitochondria originated from a symbiotic relationship between early euk. cells and ancestral bacteria

summer biochemistry jonklaas (14 decks)

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