metabolism Flashcards
what is metabolism
process where organisms acquire and use free energy for different functions
what is a metabolite
small molecule intermediate used in degradation and synthesis of polymers
what is catabolism
degradative pathways ( exergonic oxidation)
what is anabolism
biosynthetic pathway ( engergonic proceses)
what compound supports ATP synthesis
NADH
what compound is used for anbolism
NADPH
is a metabolic pathway reversible or irreversible
irreversible overall but there are some steps that are reversible individually
what step is highly exergonic in metabolic pathway
the first step, regulated step, cannot go back
the remaining steps in a metabolic pathway are close to what
equilibrium
what steps in glycolysis are regualated and how do you know
steps 1,3,10 because the arrow is not reversible
what free energy does the regulated steps have in a metabolic pathway
ex. glycolysis
negative free energy
why cant irreversible pathways run at equilbrium
they have a negative free energy
if 2 pathways are irreversible what does it mean
the pathways are somewhat different
what does an independent route mean
independent control so you need to control the amounts of either 1 or 2 together
what is feedback inhibition
end product inhibits an enzyme further upstream in the pathway usually the first enzyme
is feedback inhibition negative of positive feedback
negative
what is product inhibition
product of an enzyme catalysis reaction binds to it inhibiting activity
what is feed forward activation
metabolite early in the pathway activates an enzyme further down the pathway
where do almost all metabolic pathways feed in to
the central reaction og glycolysis
cells can use the energy generated from oxidizing what
carbon with O2 to do owrk/make ATP
what bonds do both fatty acids and glucose get energy from
C-C, C-H, C-OH
what is the energy carrier for most biological reactions
ATP
where is most of the energy in ATP stored
phosphoanhydride bonds
why are phosphoanhydride bonds used in ATP hydrolysis
- relieves electrostatic repulsion
- Pi released by hydrolysis has better resonance stabilization
- greater degree of solvation of products
