Intro to Biology

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

the study of life

Question 2

Reproduction

Answer 2

Pass on genetic information

Question 3

Sexual reproduction

Answer 3

transfer a mix of genetic information

Question 4

Asexual reproduction

Answer 4

cell division

Question 5

Main themes

Answer 5

cell theory, evolution, genetics, chemiosmosis

Question 6

Attributes of Life

Answer 6

cell(s),DNA, adapt, respond, regulate, process energy, reproduce, grow

Question 7

5 kingdoms

Answer 7

monera (prokaryote), protist, fungi, plants, animals

Question 8

carbohydrate

Answer 8

short term storage, plant structure, dietary energy

Question 9

lipids

Answer 9

long-term energy storage (fats) hormones (steroids)

Question 10

proteins

Answer 10

enzymes, structure, contraction

Question 11

nucleic acids

Answer 11

information storage (DNA, RNA)

Question 12

dehydration reaction

Answer 12

building a protein (oxygen + hydrogen), forms new bonds, H20 comes out

Question 13

Hydrolysis

Answer 13

breaking down a bond, adds H20

Question 14

metabolic view

Answer 14

cell is alive, there is no point as to when life begins

Question 15

embryological view

Answer 15

day 12 post conception, 12 days is the latest that twinning can occur, each individual is alive

Question 16

neurological view

Answer 16

27th week of gestation, loss of cerebral EEG defines life, acquisition of brain activity defines life

Question 17

ecological/ technical view

Answer 17

depends on lung development, when the fetus can live outside the womb, 24-27th week of gestation

Question 18

immunological view

Answer 18

recognize self from non-self, your immune system can tell you from invader (occurs around birth)

Question 19

integrated/physiological view

Answer 19

all systems are independent, occurs at birth

Question 20

mitochondrial DNA

Answer 20

from mom

Question 21

All cells

Answer 21

form fits function, DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes

Question 22

cytoskeleton

Answer 22

proteins, structure

Question 23

vesicles

Answer 23

membrane bound, used for transportation

Question 24

mitochondria

Answer 24

battery, double membrane, power house, has its own DNA

Question 25

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 25

shipping and receiving

Question 26

cell membrane

Answer 26

protects from external environment, lipid-based

Question 27

ribosomes

Answer 27

made of RNA & protein, site of protein synthesis

Question 28

cystosol

Answer 28

'cell juice'

Question 29

smooth ER

Answer 29

make lipids

Question 30

centrosome/centricole

Answer 30

cell division

Question 31

nucleolus

Answer 31

package RNA, ribosomes are made here

Question 32

nucleus

Answer 32

houses DNA

Question 33

double membrane

Answer 33

nuclear envelope

Question 34

chromatin

Answer 34

DNA + proteins

Question 35

rough ER

Answer 35

ribosomes assemble most proteins

Question 36

somatic cells

Answer 36

cells of the body

Question 37

sex cells

Answer 37

gametes - haploid 'half'

Question 38

ovum

Answer 38

ova, egg, has all cell organs

Question 39

zona pellucida

Answer 39

shell of the egg

Question 40

spertmatosoa

Answer 40

sperm, built for speed, head = nucleus & mitochondria, flagellum - tail

Question 41

transcription

Answer 41

occurs in the nucleus copying DNA to RNA (written language) gene gives the instruction --> copy of the instructions mRNA,

Question 42

translation

Answer 42

occurs in the cytoplasm, taking these instructions and converting them into a protein (going from one language to another)

Question 43

DNA base pairs

Answer 43

Adenine + Thymine Cytosine + Guanine

Question 44

RNA base pairs

Answer 44

Adenine + Uracil (no T's) Cytosine + Guanine

Question 45

64 combinations

Answer 45

specific amino acids, 20 essential amino acids

Question 46

substitution (mutation)

Answer 46

one DNA base for another Effects - silent: no change - missense: swap one for another - nonsense: change an amino acid codon to a stop codon

Question 47

insertion or deletion of DNA nucleotides (mutation)

Answer 47

alter the triplet grouping of codons and greatly change the amino acid sequence

Question 48

Evolution

Answer 48

- genetic changes --> genetic drift, individual to population - gradual changes 100 - 1000s of generations - splits = speciation - trace lineage back to find common ancestor - survival of fittest