Sex & Fertilization

Question 1

sexuality

Answer 1

1. sex: biological determination
2. gender: how you see yourself
3. sexuality: your attraction
   (sliding scale)

Question 2

Erogenous zones

Answer 2

body parts –> lead to arousal, all over the body, nerve endings, lips, necks, breast, inner thigh, etc

Question 3

Sexual response (phases

Answer 3

1. excitement
2. plateau
3. orgasm
4. resolution

Question 4

excitement (male)

Answer 4

penis becomes erect, urethral diameter increases, scrotum skin thickens, testis lift, muscle tension increases
heart rate increases, blood pressure increases, respiration rate increases

Question 5

excitement (female)

Answer 5

clit swells + lengthens, vagina becomes lubricated + darkens, inner most 3rd expands, labia swell + separate, areola + breast swell

Question 6

plateau phase (male)

Answer 6

penis is fully erect, testis fully elevated close to body, bulbourethral gland secretes pre-ejac. fluid, sex flush: chest + neck become red

Question 7

Plateau phase (female)

Answer 7

clit retracts under the prepuce, vagina: inner 2/3 expands, outer 1/3 swells, uterus becomes elevated, breast swell, sex flush

Question 8

Orgasm phase (male)

Answer 8

HR, BP, Rr max, loss of voluntary muscle control, penis + urethral contractions, expel sement, neural arch ‘reflex arch’, testis - close to body, sex flush deepens

Question 9

Orgasm phase (female )

Answer 9

HR, BP, Rr max, loss of voluntary muscle control, clit +breast, no change, uterus wavelike contractions, sex flush deepens

Question 10

Orgasm ohase cont. (female)

Answer 10

Grafenberg spot (g-spot) - highly variable in area & sensitivity, clitoral stimulation is primary method to achieve orgasm

Question 11

female ejaculation

Answer 11

skene’s gland within urethra, ‘female prostate’, vestibular gland

Question 12

Hypothalamic desire

Answer 12

physiology - t4 increases libido, aphrodisiacs heighten sexual desire, physical stimulation

Question 13

Limbic desire

Answer 13

psychology - emotions, attractive partner, fantasy, erotic stimulation, love + courtship

Question 14

hypothalamic avoidance

Answer 14

hormone disorder
drugs
depression

Question 15

Limbic avoidance

Answer 15

unattractive partner, negative thoughts, lack of interest, negative experiences, stress + anger

Question 16

Fertilization (steps 1 - 5)

Answer 16

1. Sperm binds to zona pellucida
2. acrosome reaction - enzymes released
3. enzymes digest a path through
4. sperm contacts egg (cortical reaction to block other sperm)
5. cell membranes fuse together

Question 17

fertilized egg

Answer 17

zygote (day zero of px)

Question 18

morula

Answer 18

a solid ball of cells resulting from division of a fertilized ovum, and from which a blastula is formed

Question 19

Day 7 - 9 px

Answer 19

embryo enters uterus, hatches from z.p.,

Question 20

blastula

Answer 20

The trophoblast is the outer layer of cells which will then form placenta

Question 21

inner cell mass (ICM)

Answer 21

makes you embryo proper

Question 22

pluripotent

Answer 22

many

Question 23

omnipotent

Answer 23

all, cell has potential to become any cell

Question 24

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 24

not in uterus, 1% of px, true ectopic - ovarian & abdominal px

Question 25

not ectopic px

Answer 25

cervical px, placenta previa (leading cause of maternal death during childbirth)

Question 26

types of ectopic px

Answer 26

interstitial (2%)
isthmic (6%)
ampullary (75%)
fimbral (7%)
ovarian (2%)
abdominal (rare)

Question 27

amnion

Answer 27

innermost membrane that encloses the embryo (amniotic fluid)

Question 28

fetal tissue

Answer 28

chorion HCG

Question 29

umbilical cord

Answer 29

provides nutrients to the embryo (connected to placenta)

Question 30

placenta

Answer 30

provides nutrients to developing baby via umbilical cord

Question 31

villi

Answer 31

facilitate the passage of fluids within the placenta

Question 32

prior to day 14

Answer 32

trophoblast (ICM)

Question 33

d14

Answer 33

yolk sac (bilaminar disc)

Question 34

d18

Answer 34

trilaminar disc

Question 35

d12

Answer 35

trilaminar disc
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 36

ectoderm

Answer 36

outer layer
skin hair
central nervous system
neurons

Question 37

mesoderm

Answer 37

muscle
heart
bones
kidneys
gonads

Question 38

endoderm

Answer 38

stomach
intestines
lungs
liver

Question 39

primitive streak

Answer 39

establishes axes
left - right
up - down
heads - tails
front - back

Question 40

dizygotic twins - fraternal

Answer 40

2 eggs + 2 sperm

Question 41

monozygotic twins - identical

Answer 41

1 egg + 1 sperm (same DNA)
happens by day 12

Question 42

stage 1 labor

Answer 42

dilation of cervix (10cm)
water breaks (amniotic fluid)

Question 43

stage 2 labor

Answer 43

crowning
delivery

Question 44

stage 3 labor

Answer 44

‘afterbirth’
placenta
extra membranes (embryonic)