intro to blood bank

Question 1

rbc membrane is freely permeable to

Answer 1

water
anions
o2
co2

Question 2

rbc membrane is not freely permeable to

Answer 2

Na+
K+
Ca2+

Question 3

RBC: 90% of energy is from what

Answer 3

anaeroboic gycolysis

Question 4

methemoglobin reductase pathway keeps ____ in a _____ state

Answer 4

iron in a ferrous state

Question 5

blood is stored at

Answer 5

1-6*C

Question 6

if blood is kept longer than shelf life what is the effect

Answer 6

decreased ATP and 2,3 DPG
increased O2 affinity
less functional RBCs

Question 7

loss of RBC viability w/ storage storage associated biochemical changes like

Answer 7

decrease in pH
increase in lactate
decrease in glucose availability
decrease in ATP
loss of RBC function (increase in K+ levels)

Question 8

Additives (blood preservatives)

Answer 8

dextrose (support ATP production)
adenine (substrate for ATP prod.)
phosphate buffer to control pH
citrate to prevent clotting

Question 9

effect of storage on coagulation factors in blood after 24 hours

Answer 9

decrease in labile coagulation factors
very few functional plts

Question 10

additives of blood with a 21 day storage limit

Answer 10

CPD (citrate phosphate dextrose)
CP2D (citrate phosphate dextrose dextrose)

Question 11

additives of blood with a 35 day storage

Answer 11

CPDA-1 (citrate phosphate dextrose adenine)

Question 12

storage temperatures of WBC & RBCs

Answer 12

1-6*C

Question 13

storage temperatures of plasma (FFP):

Answer 13

-18*C or less

Question 14

storage temperatures of platelets

Answer 14

20-24*C

Question 15

frozen RBCs @ -65*C or less for 10 years can be used for

Answer 15

autologous units
rare types

Question 16

frozen RBCs must be ____ before freezing

Answer 16

coated in protective glycerol

Question 17

rejuvenation solutions

Answer 17

used for rare units
rejuvesol
regenerates ATP and 2,3 DPG

Question 18

Agglutination

Answer 18

clumping of particulate matter from interaction of Ab and Ag

Question 19

agglutinin

Answer 19

antibody that agglutinates cells

Question 20

agglutinogen

Answer 20

substance that stimulates production of agglutinin
acts as an antigen

Question 21

sensitization of agglutination

Answer 21

antibody attachment
equilibrium constant

Question 22

equilibrium constant

Answer 22

amount of Ab-Ag @ equilibrium
the higher the constant the higher the rate of association
affected by [ ] of Ab & Ag

Question 23

lattice formation of agglutination

Answer 23

formation of bridges between sensitized cells

Question 24

antibody specificity

Answer 24

primary determinant
type of Ab (IgM way better more connecting points- IgG not as good)

Question 25

antigen antibody ratio

Answer 25

affects speed and antibody uptake increase Ab = increased sensitivity

Question 26

factors affecting sensitization

Answer 26

antibody specificity antigen-antibody ratio pH temperature incubation time ionic repulsion

Question 27

factors affecting lattice formation

Answer 27

zeta potential enzymes antihuman globulin additional reagents

Question 28

pH (sensitization)

Answer 28

optimal pH 7.0

Question 29

temperature (sensitization)

Answer 29

IgM perform best when below 37*C IgG perform best @ 37*C

Question 30

incubation time (sensitization)

Answer 30

time allows for Ab uptake

Question 31

ionic repulsion (sensitization)

Answer 31

created by Na and Cl ions low ionic strength saline used to minimize the effect (or PEG)

Question 32

zeta potential (lattice formation)

Answer 32

occurs due to a negative net charge on RBC from sialic acid "ionic cloud"

Question 33

True or False: A foreign agglutinogen will trigger the production of an agglutinin.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

True or False: If we increase the amount of antibody in comparison to the amount of antigen during sensitization, the sensitivity will decrease

Answer 34

false

Question 35

Prozone is

Answer 35

Antibody Excess

Question 36

All of the following choices affect sensitization except: Antigen-Antibody Ratio Incubation Time pH Zeta potential temperature Ionic repulsion

Answer 36

zeta potential