Intro to CNS Structures

Question 0

Fissure

Answer 0

a deep furrow or cleft

Question 1

Sulcus

Answer 1

a groove on the surface of the brain

Question 2

Gyrus

Answer 2

a prominent, rounded elevation on the surface of the cerebrum

Question 3

Lateral Ventricles (2)

Answer 3

Frontal/anterior horn
Body
Temporal/inferior horn
Occipital/posterior horn
Atrium

Question 4

4th Ventricle

Answer 4

Superior medullary velum
Inferior medullary velum
Lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka) (2)
Medial apertures (foramen of Magendie)

Question 5

What is the function of the choroid plexus?

Answer 5

secretes CSF

Question 6

What is a subfalcine herniation?

Answer 6

cingulate gyrus under falx cerebri

Question 7

What is a central herniation?

Answer 7

brainstem toward foramen magnum

Question 8

What is a transtentorial herniation?

Answer 8

medial temporal lobe thru tentorial notch

Question 9

What is a tonsillar herniation?

Answer 9

cerebellar tonsils thru foramen magnum

Question 10

What are the dural reflections?

Answer 10

falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli- tentorial incisure/notch
falx cerebelli
diaphragma sellae

Question 11

What makes up the ventricular system of the brain?

Answer 11

lateral ventricles (2)
interventricular foramen (of Monro)
3rd ventricle
cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
4th ventricle
central canal of the spinal cord
choroid plexus

Question 12

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 12

nerve fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres

Question 13

Rostral

Answer 13

toward the nose

Question 14

Caudal

Answer 14

toward the tail

Question 15

Where does the change in angle of the brain occur?

Answer 15

At the midbrain

Question 16

What are Brodmann’s areas?

Answer 16

a map of the cerebral cortex based on cellular architecture

Question 17

What makes up the CNS?

Answer 17

brain and spinal cord

Question 18

How is the brain divided?

Answer 18

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

Question 19

What makes up the cerebrum?

Answer 19

cerebral hemisphere

diencephalon

Question 20

What makes up the brainstem?

Answer 20

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
CNs

Question 21

What makes up the diencephalon?

Answer 21

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus (pineal gland)
Subthalamus
Mamillary bodies

Question 22

What makes up the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 22

Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Hippocampus
Amygdala

Question 23

What makes up the basal ganglia?

Answer 23

caudate nucleus

lenticular nucleus

Question 24

What makes up the cerebral cortex?

Answer 24

``` frontal lobe parietal lobe occipital lobe temporal lobe limbic lobe ```

Question 25

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 25

Higher cognitive functions Control of voluntary movements Motor area for speech

Question 26

What makes up the frontal lobe?

Answer 26

``` Superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri Superior and inferior frontal sulci Precentral sulcus and gyrus Gyrus rectus Olfactory bulb Olfactory gyri Cingulate sulcus Anterior paracentral lobule Orbital Part Triangular Opercular ```

Question 27

What is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 27

Precentral gyrus

Question 28

What is the function of the superior and middle frontal gyri?

Answer 28

premotor/supplementary motor cortex

Question 29

What makes up the inferior frontal gyrus?

Answer 29

Opercular Triangular Orbital

Question 30

What is the motor area for speech (Broca Area)?

Answer 30

Inferior gyrus: | Opercular and Triangular

Question 31

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 31

``` Conscious sensation Association cortices (i.e. puts sensations together to form a concept) ```

Question 32

What makes up the parietal lobe?

Answer 32

``` postcentral sulcus postcentral gyrus intraparietal sulcus superior parietal lobule inferior parietal lobule precuneus posterior paracentral lobule ```

Question 33

What is the function of the postcentral gyrus? What Brodmann's areas correspond to it?

Answer 33

Primary sensory cortex | Brodmann's Areas 1, 2, & 3

Question 34

Which part of the parietal lobe is important for the sensory aspect of language?

Answer 34

superior parietal lobule

Question 35

What makes up the inferior parietal lobule?

Answer 35

supramarginal gyrus | angular gyrus

Question 36

What is the function of the temporal lobule?

Answer 36

comprehension of language

Question 37

What makes up the temporal lobe?

Answer 37

temporal gyri | lateral occipitotemporal/fusiform gyrus

Question 38

What is the primary auditory cortex (Wernicke's area)?

Answer 38

superior temporal gyrus

Question 39

What are the temporal gyri?

Answer 39

Superior Middle Inferior

Question 40

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 40

Vision | Interpretation of visual images

Question 41

What makes up the occipital lobe?

Answer 41

``` preoccipital notch calcaine fissure striate cortex cuneus lingual gyrus ```

Question 42

What is the primary visual cortex?

Answer 42

Striate cortex

Question 43

What is Brodmann's area 17 and what is its function?

Answer 43

Striate cortex; primary visual cortex

Question 44

What is function of the limbic lobe?

Answer 44

Emotion, drives, memory

Question 45

What makes up the limbic lobe?

Answer 45

``` hippocampus amygdala cingulate sulcus cingulate gyrus uncus parahippocampal gyrus ```

Question 46

What are the "5 F's" of the limbic lobe?

Answer 46

``` Feeding Feeling Fighting Flight Fornication ```

Question 47

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 47

precise control of voluntary movement

Question 48

What makes up the lateral wall of the ventricular system?

Answer 48

caudate nucleus

Question 49

What makes up the lenticular nuclei?

Answer 49

putamen | globus pallidus

Question 50

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 50

transmits all sensation (except olfaction) to cerebral cortex

Question 51

What is the role of the epithalamus (pineal gland)?

Answer 51

sleep/wake cycle

Question 52

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 52

processes sensory information to regulate movement

Question 53

What makes up the cerebellum?

Answer 53

vermis cerebellar hemispheres cerebellar tonsils

Question 54

What is the function of the brainstem?

Answer 54

homeostasis sensory, motor and ANS innervation of head and neck special senses

Question 55

What makes up the midbrain?

Answer 55

tectum - superior and inferior colliculi | tegmentum - cerebral peduncles