Intro to Derm (Marsella)

Question 1

Important aspects of patient history

Answer 1

• Onset
• Length of time of disease
• Seasonality
• Relatives
• Zoonosis
• Environment
• Health status (med hx)
• Life style
• Diet

Question 2

Primary lesions

Answer 2

• Macule
• Papule
• Plaque
• Pustule
• Vesicle
• Bulla
• Nodule
• Wheal
• Tumor

Question 3

Macule

Answer 3

Area of skin altered in color, but NOT elevated (patch if > 1 cm diameter)

(primary lesion)

Question 4

Papule

Answer 4

Solid, raised lesion that has distinct borders (< 1 cm in diameter)

(primary lesion)

Question 5

Plaque

Answer 5

Elevated lesion w/ flattened top (> 10mm in size)

(primary lesion)

Question 6

Pustule

Answer 6

Elevations filled w/ pus. Folicular or non-follicular.

(Primary lesion)

Question 7

Follicular vs. Non-follicular pustules

Answer 7

• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• +/- acantholytic cells
• +/- bacteria

Question 8

Vesicles

Answer 8

Small, clear fluid-filled blisters (< 1mm diameter)

(Primary lesion)

Question 9

Pustules common with?

Answer 9

Bacterial infections and other inflammatory skin diseases

Question 10

Vesicles seen with?

Answer 10

Acute contact dermatitis and some autoimmune diseases

Question 11

Bulla

Answer 11

Clear fluid-filled blister (> 10mm diameter)

(Primary lesion)

Question 12

Nodule

Answer 12

Firm lesions that extend into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue

(Primary lesion)

Question 13

Tumor

Answer 13

Swelling or enlargement. May be neoplastic.

(primary lesion)

Question 14

Wheal

Answer 14

AKA hive. Sharply circumscribed skin elevation produced by edema of the superficial dermis.

(Primary lesion)

Question 15

Wheals common with?

Answer 15

Allergic reactions

Question 16

Secondary lesions

Answer 16

• Epidermal collarettes
• Scale
• Crust
• Scar
• Ulcer
• Excoriation
• Lichenification
• Hyperpigmentation
• Hyperkeratosis

Question 17

Epidermal collarettes

Answer 17

A circular lesion with a circular rim of scale and/or peeling edge. Developed from pastules.

(secondary lesion)

Question 18

Scale

Answer 18

Flake of abnormal or compacted epithelial cells

(secondary lesion)

Question 19

Crust

Answer 19

Dried exudate (containing leukocytes and commonly bacteria)

(secondary lesion)

Question 20

Scar

Answer 20

Fibrotic area resulting from healing of a wound or lesion

(secondary lesion)

Question 21

Scarring typically associated with?

Answer 21

Alopecia, depigmentation, and/or thinner dermis

Question 22

Ulcer

Answer 22

Loss of substance on a cutaneous surface exposing inner layers of tissues. May imply full thickness loss of tissue.

(secondary lesion)

Question 23

Excoriations

Answer 23

Superficial erosion (usually from scratching or abrasion)

(secondary lesion)

Question 24

Lichenification

Answer 24

Thickening of the skin secondary to chronic trauma/inflammation.

(secondary lesion)

Question 25

Hyperpigmentation

Answer 25

Increased pigmentation. Commonly seen w/ lichenification. (secondary lesion)

Question 26

Hyperkeratosis

Answer 26

Thickening of the stratum corneum due to incr. number of keratinized cells. (secondary lesion)

Question 27

Depigmentation

Answer 27

Loss of pigmentation

Question 28

Typical causes of depigmentation?

Answer 28

Inflammation/neoplastic processes affecting the basement membrane

Question 29

Cytology (use, sample collection methods)

Answer 29

Useful to diagnose secondary infections * Skin - tape, swab * Ear - swab * FNA of masses

Question 30

Superficial skin scrapings

Answer 30

Apply mineral oil, scrape up to stratum corneum (no blood)

Question 31

Deep skin scrapings

Answer 31

Scrape until you get capillary oozing, pinch, scrape, pinch, scrape

Question 32

Fungal culture

Answer 32

Collect hair on edges of lesions. Can use DTM (dermatophyte test media).

Question 33

Intradermal skin testing

Answer 33

Inject small amounts of very dilute preparation of antigens intradermally. Read dog's response to injected antigen 15-30min later. Compare to negative (saline dilutent) and positive (histamine phostphate) controls.

Question 34

Alopecia

Answer 34

Decrease in amount, or absence, of hair

Question 35

Comedo (comedones)

Answer 35

Accumulation of keratin and dried sebum in hair follicle.

Question 36

Layers of the epidermis

Answer 36

From outward in: * Stratum corneum * Stratum lucidum * Stratum granulosum * Stratum spinosum * Stratum basale

Question 37

Erythema

Answer 37

Redness produced by capillary congestion

Question 38

Folliculitis

Answer 38

Inflammation of hair follicles and associated adnexae

Question 39

Keratinocyte

Answer 39

Cell of the epidermis

Question 40

Seborrhea

Answer 40

Functional distrubance of sebaceous glands or of lipid metabolism of the epidermis. Accompanied by abnormal keratinization.