Keratization Disorders (Santoro) Flashcards
(48 cards)
1
Q
Cornification
A
- Process takes about 21-22 days
- Forms the stratum corneum
- Keratinization → formation of lamellar bodies → synthesis of keratohyalin granules → formation of cornified envelop
2
Q
Seborrhea
A
- Clinical sign, NOT a disease (but can be in the name of a disease, i.e. primary seborrhea)
- Nonspecific term that refers to almost any dermatosis
3
Q
Hormonal regulation of sebum production
A
- Incr. by androgens, thyroid, progesterone
- Decr. by corticosteroids, estrogens
4
Q
Dietary influence on sebum production
A
Fat deficiency → initial decr. and then incr. (experimental)
5
Q
Factors controling sebum production
A
- Hormonal regulation
- Dietary influence
- Low levels of vitamin A
6
Q
Sebum composition
A
- Sterol
- Diester waxes
- Free cholesterol
- Triglycerides
- Fatty acids
7
Q
Seborrhea sicca
A
Excessive scale formation
8
Q
Seborrhea oleosa
A
Excessive secretions of grease on skin & hairs
9
Q
Seborrheic dermatitis
A
Excessive presence of scales of grease w/ inflammation
10
Q
Cause of primary seborrhea
A
Inherited dz (genetic component). Clinical signs usually start at a very young age.
11
Q
Cause of secondary seborrhea
A
Induced by diseases or external stimuli
12
Q
Causes & pathogenesis of seborrhea
A
- Inflammation
- release of histamine, cytokines, LTB4, PGE2
- Endocrinopathies
- Hormones incr. cell proliferation
- Nutrition
- Environmental factors
- Excessive bathing
13
Q
Clinical signs of seborrhea
A
- Generalized or localized
- Seborrhea sicca
- Seborrhea oleosa
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Ceruminous otitis
- 2º infections
14
Q
Types of primary seborrhea
A
- Idiopathic seborrhea
- Ichthyosis
- Zinc responsive dermatitis type I
- Feline idiopathic dermatitis
- Schnauzer comedo syndrome
- Acrodermatitis
- Exfoliative CLE
- Epidermal dysplasia
- Vit. A responsive seborrhea
- Sebaceous adenitis
15
Q
Types of secondary seborrhea
A
- Allergy
- Pyoderma
- Dermatophytosis
- Malassezia dermatitis
- Scabies
- Demodicosis
- Pemphigus complex
- Zinc responsive dermatitis type II
- Endocrinopathies
- Cutaneous lymphoma
- Necrotic migratory erythema
- Feline acne
- Feline thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis
16
Q
Primary (idiopathic) seborrhea pathogenesis
A
- Keratinization/cornification defect
- Not well understood
- Acceleration of keratinization process
17
Q
Primary (idiopathic) seborrhea common breeds
A
- Cocker Spaniel
- English Springer Spaniel (?)
- Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
- Shar Pei
- Labrador Retriever
- West Highland White Terrier
18
Q
Primary (idiopathic) seborrhea clinical signs
A
- Greasy skin w/ scales, comedones, follicular casts, otitis
- Dry skin (Dobermans, Irish Setters)
- Skin infections common
19
Q
Primary (idiopathic) seborrhea diagnosis
A
Exclusion of secodary seborrhea
20
Q
Primary (idiopathic) seborrhea treatment
A
- Keratocytic/keratoplastic shampoo
- Antimicrobial shampoo
- Oral retinoids (isotretinoin)
- Fatty acids (topical or in food)
- Abx or antifungals
21
Q
Zn responsive dermatosis type I breed predilection
A
- Alaskan malamute
- Samoyeds
- Siberian husky
22
Q
Zn responsive dermatosis type I pathogenesis
A
Inherited impariment to absorb and metabolize zinc
23
Q
Zn responsive dermatosis type I clinical signs
A
- 1-3 yrs old
- Erythema
- Alopecia
- White-grey scales and crusts
- Hyperkeratotic foot pads
- Mucocutaneous junctions of face and pressure points
- Malassezia and bacterial infections common
24
Q
Zn responsive dermatosis type II predilection
A
Rapidly growling, large breed puppies
25
Zn responsive dermatosis type II pathogenesis
Unbalanced diet high in phytates or minerals that chelate zinc
26
Zn responsive dermatosis type II clinical signs
* Thick, well demarcated plaques & crusts
* Periocular and perioral areas & genitalia
* +/- enlarged lymph nodes
* Malassezia and bacterial infections common
27
Zn responsive dermatosis treatment
* Keratolytic/keratoplastic shampoos
* Antimicrobial shampoos
* Zn supplement
* Abx, antifungals
28
Schnauzer comedo syndrome clinical signs
* Multiple comedones on dorsal midline
* Alopecia
* Erythema
* Crusted papules
* Follicular cysts
* 2º infections
29
Schnauzer comedo syndrome treatment
* Keratolytic/keratoplastic shampoos
* Antimicrobial shampoos
* Oral retinoids (isotretinoin)
* Abx, antifungals
30
Malassezia species
* Budding yeast
* Commensal of skin and ears
* Incr. number in humid, warm conditions
* Commensal relationship w/ staph
31
Malassezia predisposing factors
* Incr. humidity, warm
* Primary dz that incr. sebum production, inflammation, and/or alter surface barrier
* allergies, keratinization defects, endocrinopaties, infection
* Skin folds
* Breed
32
Malassezia clinical presentation
* Pruritis/erythema
* Scaling/seborrhea
* Paronchia
* Lichenification/hyperpigmentation
* Ventral body (neck, axillae, abdomen)
* Face, ear pinnae
* Feet, forelegs
* Skin folds
* Otitis externa/media
33
Malassezia diagnosis
* Cytology
* Scotch tape
* Impression smear on oozing areas
* Swabs for ears
* (sample may be fatty so heat fix before Difquick)
34
Malassezia treatment
Kill the yeast and the seborrhea will go away
35
Seborrhea sicca topical treatment
* Moisturizing - emollient vs. humectant
* Hypoallergenic
* Oatmeal
* Lanolin
* Sulfur +/- salicylic acid
* Antimicrobial
36
Seborrhea oleosa topical treament
* Selenium sulfate
* Sulfur +/- salicylic acid
* Tar
* Benzoyl peroxide
* Antimicrobial
37
Keratoplastic
Decr. DNA → decr. mitosis → decr. cell ontogenesis
38
Keratolytic
Decr. cohesion between corneocytes → incr. desquamation
39
Emollient
Moisturize the skin → decr. transepithelial water loss
* Vegetable oils, animal oils, silicon, waxes, hydrocarbons
40
Humectant
Moisturize the skin → decr. transepithelial water loss and reall water from dermis and environment
* propylene glycol, glycerin, colloidal oatmeal, urea, sodium lactate, lactic acid
41
Benzoyl peroxide
* Keratolytic
* Antibacterial
* Degreasing
* Aggressive use can cause irritation
* Bleaching agent
42
Selenium sulfate
* Selson Blue
* Keratolytic
* Keratoplastic
* Degreasing
* Antifungal (malassezia)
43
Sulfur
* Keratolytic
* Keratoplastic
* Degreasing
* Antimicrobial
* Antiparasitic
* Antifungal
* Synergistic w/ salicylic acid
44
Salicylic acid
* Shampoo 0.1-2%
* Keratoplastic
* Antipruritic
* Bacteriostatic
* Shampoo 3-6%
* Keratolytic
* Synergistic w/ sulfur
45
Tar
* Keratolytic
* Keratoplastic
* Degreasing
* Side effects
* malodourous
* irritant and photosensitizing
* carcinogenic
46
Phytosphingosine
* Pro-ceramide
* naturally in skin
* Anti-inflammatory
* Antimicrobic
47
Novasomes & spherulites
* Nanoparticles
* Adhere to skin & hair
* Slow release of active ingredient
48
Systemic anti-fungals
* Ketoconazole
* Itraconazole
* Fluconazole
* Terbinafine
