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Dermatology (VEM 5387) > Parasiticides and IGRs (Marsella) > Flashcards

Parasiticides and IGRs (Marsella) Flashcards

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1
Q

3 parts to ectoparasite control

A
  1. On the pet, kill the adult insects (parasiticides)
  2. On the pet, prevent progression through the life cycle (IGRs)
  3. In the environment, control for adults & other life stages
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2
Q

Parasiticide targets on the flea

A
  • Axon - voltage gated sodium channels, GABA-glutamate or chloride channels
  • Synapse - calcium ACh, AChE
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3
Q

Pyrethrins - good characteristics

A
  • Safe (ok for cats & puppies)
  • Quick flea knockdown
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4
Q

Pyrethroids (permethrin) - good characteristics

A
  • binds to hair, skin
  • more photo-stable
  • longer duration of action (compared to pyrethrins)
  • Repels & kills fleas, ticks, mosquitoes
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5
Q

Pyrethrins - bad characteristics

A
  • UV inactivated
  • Short duration of action
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6
Q

Pyrethroids (permethrin) - bad characteristics

A
  • Incr. toxicity (compared to pyrethrin)
  • NEVER APPLY DIRECTLY TO CATS
    • >0.5% is toxic to cats
  • Washed off by bathing
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7
Q

Permethrin vet products

A
  • Advantix II
  • Actvivyl plus
  • Vectra 3D
  • Effitix
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8
Q

Deltamethrin

A
  • Pyrethroid ester insecticide
  • Kills fleas & ticks, repells mosquitoes & culicoides
  • Water resistant collar
  • Can cause local irritation
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9
Q

ProMeris (general)

A
  • Monthly topical
  • K9: metaflumizone + amitraz, flea & tick
  • Feline: metafluizone, flea
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10
Q

ProMeris - good characteristics

A
  • Novel binding site (overcome resistance?)
  • Easy to use
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11
Q

ProMeris

A
  • K9 product discontinued in US, causes PF reactions
  • No IGR
  • Efficacy decr. by shampoo therapy
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12
Q

Indoxacarb (Activyl)

A
  • Metabolic bioactivation in flea to kill
  • Water safe
  • Topical monthly
  • Canine product has permethrin
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13
Q

Frontline Plus - good characteristics

A
  • Concentrates in sebaceous glands
  • Photostable
  • Safe for puppies & kittens
  • Water immersion doesn’t affect efficacy
  • Combines IGR + adulticide
  • Activity on fleas & ticks
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14
Q

Frontline Plus - bad characteristics

A
  • Does not repel
  • Medicated shampoo decr. efficacy
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15
Q

Frontline Plus components

A

Fipronyl + methoprene

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16
Q

Effitix components

A

Fipronyl + permethrin

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17
Q

Tritax components

A
  • K9: firponil + cyphenothrin + methoprene
  • Cats: fipronil + etofenprox + methoprene
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18
Q

Bravecto (Fluralaner)

A
  • Oral flea & tick control
  • 12 wks
  • Not a repellant
  • Dogs & puppies >6mos old
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19
Q

NexGard (Afoxolaner)

A
  • Oral flea & tick control
  • 30 days
  • Dogs only
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20
Q

Organophosphates

A
  • No longer recommended for flea control
  • Mosquito and agricultural pest control
  • Toxic to cats & young animals (seizures)
  • Antidote: atropine & antihistamines
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21
Q

Carbamates

A
  • No longer recommended
  • Less toxic & less effective than OPs
  • Toxic signs same as OPs (seizures)
  • Antidote: atropine
  • Only environmental products available
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22
Q

Spinosad (Comfortis, Trifexis)

A
  • Non-abx tetracyclic macrolide
  • Oral monthly - works systemically
  • Give w/ food
  • Do NOT give w/ dogs on high dose of ivermectin
  • Lowers threshold for seizures
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23
Q

Spinosad (Comfortis, Trifexis) - good characteristics

A
  • No effect on bathing (oral tablet)
  • Flavored
  • Starts killing in 30 minutes, 100% effective within 4 hrs
  • Flea adulticide lasts 30 days
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24
Q

Spinosad (Comfortis, Trifexis) - bad characteristics

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A
  • Does not repel
  • Vomiting is frequent after admin
  • No IGR
25
Spinoteram (Cheristin)
* Topical, montly * Very fast killing (\< 12 hrs) * Cat version only
26
Imidacloprid - good characteristics
* Ones a month spot on for cats & dogs * Effective flea adulticide * Safe, non-teratogenic, non-mutagenic
27
Imidacloprid - bad characteristics
* Removed by water immersion/bathing * Does not repel fleas * No effect on ticks * No IGR
28
Imidacloprid products
* Advantage II * Advantix II * Advantage multi * Seresto
29
Advantix II
* Imidacloprid, permethrin, pyripoxyfen * Kills 98-100% fleas within 12 hrs * Repels fleas, ticks, mosquitoes * Somewhat water proof * DOGS ONLY
30
Seresto
* Flumethrin, imidacloprid * Collar * Waterproof * Lasts 8 months * Repels ticks * **Kills but does not repel fleas** * Safe for cats
31
Nitenpyram (Capstar)
* Oral * Dogs & cats * Given as often as every 24 hrs * Not flavored (used in animals undergoing food trials) * Useful in clinics, boarding facilities, dogs going to public places, severe infestations
32
Capstar (nitenpyram) - good characteristics
* Kills 90% of fleas in 4-6 hrs * 100% effective for 24 hrs * Safe in puppies & kittens * Ok to use w/ other products
33
Capstar (nitenpyram) - bad characteristics
* Only lasts 24 hrs * Does not repel * No IGR
34
Vectra 3D
* Dinotefuran - flea adulticide * Pyriproxifen - IGR * Permethrin - tick, mosquito, flea parasiticide
35
Vectra 3D - good characteristics
* IGR, adulticide, repellent all in one product * Labeled for fleas (all stages), ticks, mosquitoes
36
Vectre 3D - bad characteristics
* Efficacy decr. by bathing * Limited frequency of applicaion to every 4 wks * Toxic to cats!
37
Insect growth regulators (IGRs)
* Methoprene * Pyriproxifen * Lufenuron
38
Methoprene - good characteristics
* Active against several insects, including fleas * Available for pet & environmental use
39
Methoprene - bad characteristics
* Photo-inactivated * No adulticide * Does not repel
40
Methoprene containing products
* Precor * Frontline Plus
41
Pyriproxifen - good characteristics
* Works up to 6 months * Effects eggs & larvae * May have delayed adulticide activity * OTC for environmental use * Stable for both indoor & outdoor environment
42
Pyriproxifen containing products
* Nylar * Vectra 3D * Knockout premises
43
Luferuron
* Used in combo products * Must be given w/ food * Cats need higher dose than dog * Prevents flea repro after blood meal * Monthly oral * ex. Sentinel
44
Luferuron - bad characteristics
* No adulticide * Does not repel * Lag phase - 3 months if used alone for flea control
45
Milbemycin
* macrocyclic lactone * Monthly chewable * Cats & dogs \> 4 wks * Labeled for heartworms, hookworms, roundworms, whipworms * Ex. Sentinel
46
Ivermectin
* Macrocyclic lactone * Labeled use: heartworm, hookworm, roundworm * Off label use: demodex, scarcoptes * No efficacy against fleas or ticks * Ex. heartgard
47
HeartGard components
Ivermectin + pyrantel
48
Selemectin (Revolution) - good characteristics
* Top spot, systemically absorbed - minimized impact of bathing * Monthly * K9: ear mites, sarcoptes, heartworm, dermacentor * + in cat: hookworms, roundworms (macrocyclic lactone)
49
Selamectin (Revolution) - bad characteristics
* Poor efficacy against fleas * Breakthroughs reported for HW prevention * Does not repel * No IGR
50
Moxidectin
* Macrocyclic lactone * Monthly topical for cats & dogs * Flea & heartworm control * Caution w/ ivermectin sensitive breeds * Ex. Advantage Multi
51
Advantage multi components
imidacloprid + moxidectin
52
Formanidines
* Amitraz * Mitaban * Toxic in horses & cats
53
Amitraz collar (preventic)
* Dogs only * Kills fleas & ticks
54
Certifect
* Not recommended * Amitraz & fipronyl * DOGS ONLY * Repellent & adulticide * Monthly topical * Reported cases of PF
55
Environemental flea control guidelines
* Focus on areas protected from UV light, moist * Repeat every 3 wks at peak of season * Combo of adulticide & IGR
56
Diatomaceous earth
* Nonchemical outdoor & indoor environmental flea control * Naturally occuring, siliceous sedimentary rock * Fossilized remains of diatomes
57
Beneficial nematodes
* Outdoor environemental flea control * *Steinernema* and *Heterorhabditis* * UV & drought harm nematodes
58
Sodium polyborate
* Non-chemical indoor environemental flea control * Will last 1 year if carpet is not shampood
59
Chemical environmental flea control
* Outdoor * Yard treatment - esfenvalerate * Indoor * Low % permethrin and nylar (knockout treatment area)

Dermatology (VEM 5387) (17 decks)

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