-intro to diabetes

Question 1

what is diabetes?

Answer 1

a chronic multi-system disease related to abnormal or impaired insulin utilization

Question 2

what is diabetes characterized by?

Answer 2

hyperglycemia resulting from lack of insulin, lack of insulin effect, or both

Question 3

what are caustic factors of diabetes?

Answer 3

genetic, hereditary; autoimmune; lifestyle

Question 4

the caustic factors of diabetes are caused by:

Answer 4

absent or insufficient and/or poor utilization of insulin

Question 5

what are some medical conditions that cause diabetes?

Answer 5

kushing’s disease, hyperthyroidism, recurrent pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis

Question 6

what drugs can induce diabetes?

Answer 6

corticosteroids, thiazides, Phenytoin, and certain antipsychotics

Question 7

insulin pumps from what organ?

Answer 7

pancreas

Question 8

what are two functions of the pancreas?

Answer 8

exocrine function and endocrine function

Question 9

what does exocrine function do?

Answer 9

produces enzymes for digestion and is 95% of pancreas function

Question 10

what does endocrine function do?

Answer 10

has the islets of Langerhans that produce insulin and glucagon

Question 11

what does insulin do to your blood sugar?

Answer 11

raise blood sugar

Question 12

what does glucagon do to your blood sugar?

Answer 12

lowers your blood sugar

Question 13

what organ makes/stores your glucose?

Answer 13

liver

Question 14

insulin is made from what cells of your pancreas?

Answer 14

beta cells

Question 15

glucagon is released from what cells in your pancreas?

Answer 15

alpha

Question 16

what tissues are insulin-dependent tissues?

Answer 16

skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Question 17

in a normal functioning pancreas, what is the amount of insulin secreted daily?

Answer 17

40-50 units, or 0.6 units per kg

Question 18

what cells store excess glucose as glycogen?

Answer 18

liver and muscle cells

Question 19

insulin promotes ____ transports from the ____ across the cell membrane to the cytoplasm of the cell.

Answer 19

glucose; bloodstream

Question 20

once glucose is in the cells, what do cells do?

Answer 20

breakdown glucose to make energy

Question 21

what are the counterregulatory hormones?

Answer 21

cortisol, growth hormone, epinephrine, and glucagon

Question 22

what is insulins main job?

Answer 22

move glucose from bloodstream to cells to make energy

Question 23

what insulin is the only insulin you can give IV push?

Question 24

insulin resistance:

Answer 24

pathological condition in which cells either fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin or down regulate insulin receptors in response to hyperinsulinemia

Question 25

insulin insufficiency:

Answer 25

your body makes some insulin but not the amount that you need

Question 26

what is hypoglycemia?

Answer 26

occurs when there is too much insulin in proportion to available glucose

Question 27

what happens in the body during a hypoglycemic event?

Answer 27

counterregulatory hormones are released, suppression of insulin secretion and production of glucagon & epinephrine provide a defense against hypoglycemia