Intro to Geology

Question 1

List of _________ in geology:
- Paleontology
- Sedimentology
- Volcanology
- Geophysics
- Geochemistry
- Planetary Geology
- Hydrology
- Mining Geology
- Structural Geology
- Petroleum Geology

Answer 1

fields

Question 2

Scientific ____________:
- Ask a ?
- Propose an answer to the question
- Test your hypothesis
-Revise you’re hypothesis if needed
- Hypothesis becomes a Theory if it passes many many tests!
- Laws are reserved for “Laws of Nature”

Answer 2

Method

Question 3

Nebular Hypothesis- is our scientific idea of how the solar ___________ formed

Answer 3

system

Question 4

Lagoon Nebula- a nebula is a collection of dust & gas in __________ that results from an exploding star

Answer 4

space

Question 5

Over hundreds of millions of years, gravity draws the matter in the nebula together, begin rotating & forming a disc. The matter eventually clumps together enough to form objects such as _________ (the sun) and planets

Answer 5

stars

Question 6

Giant Impact Hypothesis:
Moon formed by the collision of ___ planets, Earth and a Mars-sized planet called Thea about 4 billion years ago. The resulting impact combined the material into the earth and blew matter into the orbit around the Earth which became the moon.

Answer 6

2

Question 7

General structure of __________:
1. Based on composition
2. Based on Physical properties

Answer 7

earth

Question 8

Earth Structure by Composition includes ___ layers:
- Core
- Mantle
- Crust

Answer 8

3

Question 9

Core- Ni FE (made of the _______ nickel & iron)

Answer 9

metals

Question 10

___________- NI, Fe, AI, Si, O (made mostly of the minerals olivine, pyroxene, making the rock known as Peridotite)

Answer 10

Mantle

Question 11

Crust- AI, Si, O + others mostly the _______ known as Granite

Answer 11

rock

Question 12

Earth Structure by Physical Properties: Layer/Property
Inner Core/Solid
_______ Core/Liquid
Mesosphere/Plastic (partly molten)
Asthenosphere/Plastic (partly molten)
Lithosphere/Solid

Answer 12

Outer

Question 13

__ Types of Crust:
Oceanic- forms ocean basins
Continental- forms land masses

Answer 13

2

Question 14

Oceanic Crust- density of about __ grams per cubic centimeter

Answer 14

3

Question 15

Continental ___________- density of about 2.7 g/cm3.

Answer 15

Crust

Question 16

The Earth is layered based on density with the most dense materials in the core, and the lowest density materials in the _______, which float int eh denser material making up the mantle

Answer 16

crust