Intro To Modalities

Question 1

Physical Agent Modalities:

Answer 1

1) Thermal
2) Acoustic
3) Electromagnetic
4) Electrical

Question 2

PT modalities

Answer 2

1. Superficial Heat & Cold
2. Intermittent Pneumatic Compression (IPC)
3. Traction
4. Hydrotherapy

Question 3

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Indications:

Answer 3

• Traumatic edema
• Stump reduction following limb amputation
• Wound healing
• Prevention of DVT
• Venous stasis ulcers
• Lymphedema

Question 4

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Contraidications:

Answer 4

• Acute Pulmonary Edema
• Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
• Uncontrolled Hypertension
• Acute or Recent DVTs
• Infection

Question 5

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression protocols:

Answer 5

1. Continuos
2. Below patient diastolic
3. Time = 15- 30 minutes

Question 6

Heating Agents & energy with the body

Answer 6

transfer ENERGY TO the body

Question 7

Cooling Agents do what with energy & the body

Answer 7

transfer ENERGY AWAY FROM the body

Question 8

Types of Thermal Agents

Answer 8

1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Conversion
4. Radiation
5. Evaporation

Question 9

Conduction

Answer 9

Direct Contact of two objects that must have 2 different temperatures
ex: Parrafin

Question 10

Convection

Answer 10

Heat is transferred from the circulating medium to the tissue
*Medium is present
ex: Air Fryer

Question 11

Conversion

Answer 11

Converts a non- thermal form of energy into heat
*Doesn’t require direct contact & amounts of energy transferred depends on how much power the energy source provides
ex: Ultrasound

Question 12

Radiation

Answer 12

There is No Medium & No Contact
Direct transfer of enery from a material with a greater pressure

Question 13

Evaporation

Answer 13

material that absorbs energy & changes it from Liquid to Gas

Question 14

Heat Indications

Answer 14

• General & Muscle relaxation
• Pain control
• Increase ROM/ Decrease joint stiffness
• Promote healing by increased circulation, oxygen & metabloic rate

Question 15

Effects of Vigorous heat

Answer 15

• Vasodilation
• Increased oxygen hemoglobin
• Neuromuscular effects: *Increased nerve conduction velocity & firing rate
  Increased pain threshold- gating & decrease muscle spam

Question 16

Heat Contraidnications

Answer 16

• Acute injury or inflammation
• Recent or potential hemorrhage
• Thrombophlebitis
• Impaired sensations
• Impaired cognition
• Malignancy
• IR irradiation of the eyes

Question 17

Heat Precautions

Answer 17

• Pregnancy (for some)
• Impaired ciruclation
• Poor thermal regulation
• Edema
• Cardiac Insufficiency
• Metal in the area
• Paraffin over an open wound
• Where topical counterirritants have recently been used

Question 18

Adverse effects of superficial heat

Answer 18

1) Burns
2) Fainting
3) Bleeding
4) Skin & eye damage from infrared

Question 19

Methods of application for heat

Answer 19

1. Moist Heat
2. Electric heating pads
3. Whirlpool
4. Paraffin
5. Infrared

Question 20

Mild heat

Answer 20

< 40 C or 104F
= overall relaxation, decreased muscle tone

Question 21

Vigorous heating

Answer 21

40 - 45C or 105- 113F
>45 C = tissue damage

Question 22

Heat & Exercise

Answer 22

strength decreased for 30 post application
- however 2 hours post heat muscle strength can improve

Question 23

What is decreased by thermal agents?

Answer 23

1. Pain
2. Muscle Spasm
3. Joint Stiffness

Question 24

Ways to apply Cold modality

Answer 24

1. Ice pack
2. Ice massage
3. Ice bath
4. Flouromethane spray

Question 25

Cold Indications

Answer 25

- Acute & Sub-acute trauma & inflammation - Vascontriction - Pain control: ***Anesthetic effect***, alters nerve conduction velocities & synaptic activity

Question 26

Cold Therpy Principles

Answer 26

Hemodynamic effects= decreased blood flow --> **Increases blood viscosity** results in decreased blood flow

Question 27

Tissue Cooling Values

Answer 27

15 C or 59 F = Tissue damage can occur - 4 & - 10 C (39 to 14F) = Frostbite

Question 28

Stages of sensation with cold therapy

Answer 28

Stage I = Cold 1-3 mins Stage II = Burning 3-5 mins Stage III = Aching 5-7 mins Stage IV = Numbness 7+ mins

Question 29

Neuromuscular effects of cold therapy

Answer 29

- Temporary decrease in spasticity *decreased nerve sensitivity & irritability & may decrease in sensitivity of muscle spindle to stretch

Question 30

Cold Indications

Answer 30

- Inflammation control - Edema control - Pain control - Modification of Spasticity - Facilitation of **STRENGTH**

Question 31

Cold Contraindications

Answer 31

- Cold hypersensitivity - Cold Intolerance - Raynaud's disease or phenomenon - Over a regenerating peripheral nerve Over an area with circulatory compromise or peripheral vascular disease

Question 32

Cold Precautions

Answer 32

- Open wound - Hypertension - Poor sensation or cogntion - Very young or very old patients

Question 33

Adverse effects of cold therapy

Answer 33

1) Tissue death 2) Frostbite 3) Nerve Damage 4) Unwanted vasodilation