intro to neuro

Question 1

3 functions of the nervous system

• takes ___ sensory info with sensory neurons
• ____ the info with interneurons
• tells muscles and glands to ___ accordingly with motor neurons

Answer 1

takes in
integrates
responds

Question 2

sensory receptor ___ energy into electrochemical signal

Answer 2

transduces

Question 3

sensory arm enters through ____ nervous system

Answer 3

peripheral

Question 4

the sensory arm travels to either/both ___ ___ and ___

Answer 4

spinal cord

brain

Question 5

___ cranial nerves

___ spinal nerves

Answer 5

8

31

Question 6

peripheral nervous system has 2 parts

Answer 6

somatic

autonomic

Question 7

somatic nervous system involves ___ muscle

Answer 7

skeletal

Question 8

somatic nervous system is ____ and effects the muscles that you usually have ____ over

Answer 8

voluntary

control

Question 9

autonomic nervous system involves the ___ muscle

Answer 9

smooth

Question 10

autonomic nervous system is ____

Answer 10

involuntary

Question 11

somaic motor neuron has a ___ axon

Answer 11

long

Question 12

autonomic motor neuron has a relay at the ____

Answer 12

ganglion

Question 13

parasympathetic

• pupils ____
• ___ flow of saliva
• ____ heartbeat

Answer 13

constrict
stimulates
slows

Question 14

parasympathetic

• ___ peristalsis and secretion
• ___ release of bile
• ____ bladder
• _____ bronchi

Answer 14

stimulates
stimulates
contracts
constricts

Question 15

sympathetic
- ___ pupil
___ flow of saliva
- ___ heartbeat

Answer 15

dilates
inhibits
accelerates

Question 16

sympathetic

• ____ bronchi
• ____ peristalsis and secretion
• conversion of glycogen to glucose

Answer 16

dilates

inhibits

Question 17

sympathetic

• secretion of ___ and ___
• ___ bladder contraction

Answer 17

adrenaline and noradrenaline

inhibits

Question 18

anterior part of the brain is known as ____

Answer 18

rostral

Question 19

posterior part of the brian is known as ___

Answer 19

caudal

Question 20

2 major nervous cells

Answer 20

neurons

glia

Question 21

____: increase surface area and have many branches from the soma

Answer 21

dendrites

Question 22

____: neuromal center; perikaryon; cell body; contains the cytoplasm and nucleus

Answer 22

soma

Question 23

____: transcription; replication; DNA repair happens here

Answer 23

nucleus

Question 24

____ _____ ____: where ions can flow

Answer 24

nodes of ranvier

Question 25

___ ___: ideal for propagation; fat; made by oligodendrocytes or schwann cells

Answer 25

myeline sheath

Question 26

in the peripheral nervous system the myelin sheath by ___ cells

Answer 26

schwann

Question 27

in the central nervous system the myeline sheath by ____

Answer 27

oligodendrocytes

Question 28

___ ___: end of axon; has branches; where axon interacts with other cells; aka axon bouton

Answer 28

axon terminal

Question 29

____: no dendrites; lack branches

Answer 29

unipolar neurons

Question 30

____: 1 major dendrite; 1 major axon

Answer 30

bipolar

Question 31

____: lot of primary dendrites; most neurons

Answer 31

multipolar

Question 32

____: dorsal root neurons; no dendrites; axon bifurcates - 1 goes to the periphery and 1 to CNS

Answer 32

pseudounipolar

Question 33

3 types of glial cells

Answer 33

oligodendrocyte astrocyte microglial

Question 34

microglial cell are derived from ___ from monocytes

Answer 34

macrophages

Question 35

4 functions of astrocytes - ___ delivery - ___ ____ barrier - ____ response - ____ release - ____ recycling

Answer 35

``` glucose blood brain inflammatory ATP glutamate ```

Question 36

1 function of oligodendrocytes

Answer 36

myelinate axons in the CNS

Question 37

2 functions of microglia - major ___ response - ____

Answer 37

major immune response | phagocytosis

Question 38

2 functions of ependymal cells

Answer 38

help produce and move cerebrospinal fluid through the brain

Question 39

the synapse is a ____, not just a space

Answer 39

connection

Question 40

___ site is where the vesicles of neurotransmitters are docked

Answer 40

active

Question 41

_____ ___ extracellular space between 2 cells

Answer 41

synaptic cleft

Question 42

___ vesicles holds the neurotransmitter

Answer 42

synaptic

Question 43

____ process holds the synapse together

Answer 43

astrocyte

Question 44

____ ____ - cell bodies and dendrites, unmyelinated axons (CNS)

Answer 44

gray matter

Question 45

____ ___ - myelinated axons (CNS)

Answer 45

white matter

Question 46

___ - cell bodies clustered together in the CNS; collection of gray matter (has a lot of cell bodies and dendrites)

Answer 46

nuclei

Question 47

____ - axons clustered together in the CNS

Answer 47

tracts

Question 48

___ - cell bodies, usually in the PNS

Answer 48

ganglion

Question 49

___ - collection of ganglion

Answer 49

plexus

Question 50

___ - axons clustered in the PNS

Answer 50

nerves

Question 51

Nissl Body - ___ are cell bodies = gray matter

Answer 51

ribosome

Question 52

gray matter stains ___

Answer 52

purple

Question 53

white matter stains ____

Answer 53

black

Question 54

neurons are _____

Answer 54

CELLS

Question 55

neurons have ___ needs

Answer 55

metabolic

Question 56

4 unique components of neurons

Answer 56

myelin sheaths vesicles axons

Question 57

neurons ____ continually divide

Answer 57

DONT

Question 58

lysosomes = ____ bags

Answer 58

suicide

Question 59

NIssl Body = ____

Answer 59

ribosome

Question 60

neurofilaments and microtubules contribute to the the neurons ____

Answer 60

structure

Question 61

golgi complex packages and secretes ____

Answer 61

vesicles

Question 62

____ triggers vesicles to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

Answer 62

calcium

Question 63

___ ___ ____ channels in the axon terminal mediate vesicle binding and release of neurotransmitter

Answer 63

voltage gated calcium

Question 64

vesicles are tied to the active zones by docking proteins, including ____ and ____

Answer 64

actin | synaptophysin

Question 65

___ helps to withdraw vesicle components back from synaptic cleft

Answer 65

clathrin

Question 66

slow axonal transport is from ____ including ____

Answer 66

proteins | neuropeptides

Question 67

fast anterograde axonal transport is for ___

Answer 67

kinesin

Question 68

fast retrograde axonal transport is for ___

Answer 68

dynein

Question 69

kinesin walks along the microtubule going from ____ to ____ ___

Answer 69

nucleus | axon terminal

Question 70

dynein doesnt need microtubules and goes from ___ ___ to ___

Answer 70

axon terminal | nucleus

Question 71

___ axonal transport is also used for synthesis of some neurotransmitters and vesicles

Answer 71

anterograde

Question 72

___ axonal transport is also used for recycling of released materials and growth factors

Answer 72

retrograde

Question 73

___ help nerve growth, migration, patterning through retrograde transport

Answer 73

neurotrophins

Question 74

the soups believed that neurons used "____" signals

Answer 74

chemical

Question 75

the sparks believed that neurons used "____" signals

Answer 75

electrical

Question 76

a substance released in the ____ fluid is the basis of signaling

Answer 76

extracellular

Question 77

___ ____ is the standard explanation for how neurons communicate

Answer 77

chemical transmission

Question 78

___ ___: a direct, open connection between 1 neurons and another

Answer 78

electrical synapses

Question 79

electrical synapses: 1 neurons changes voltage, since its a connected system, the connected neuron ___ ___

Answer 79

changes voltage

Question 80

cells are connected via ___ ___

Answer 80

gap junctions

Question 81

the glue between cells are channel pores called ___

Answer 81

connexins