Intro to Orthotics

Question 1

Basic Goals

Answer 1

• Maintenance/correction of body segment alignment
• Assistance/Resistance to joint motion
• Relief of distal weight bearing forces
• Protection against physical insult

Question 2

FO

Answer 2

Foot Orthosis

Question 3

AFO

Answer 3

Ankle Foot Orthosis

Question 4

KO

Answer 4

Knee Orthosis

Question 5

KAFO

Answer 5

Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis

Question 6

HKAFO

Answer 6

Hip Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis

Question 7

HO

Answer 7

Hip Orthosis

Question 8

“Ideal Orthosis”

Answer 8

Function
Comfort
Cosmetic

Question 9

Accomodative FO

Answer 9

Foot cannot attain neutral, FO may shim the gap to the fixed position

Question 10

Corrective FO

Answer 10

May help the foot attain neutral position

Question 11

SACH Heel

Answer 11

Heels that allow you to roll into PF position

Mimics First Rocker

Knee stability and achieve extended position earlier

Question 12

Metatarsal Bars

Answer 12

For people with difficulties at the toe

Mimics the third rocker, stimulate metatarsal

Question 13

DAFO (abb.)

Answer 13

Dynamic Ankle Foot Orthosis

Question 14

Dynamic Ankle Foot Orthosis

Answer 14

Pediactric foot orthosis - CP, high tone

Most aggressive way to control just the foot

Limits movement of midfoot and forefoot - holding foot in functional position

Restricts Mobility, controls tone/spasticity

Question 15

UCBL

Answer 15

Rigid plastic total contact design - insert into shoes

Hind foot/mid foot correction

Seen a lot in pediactrics population

Question 16

Supra Maleolar Orthosis (SMO)

Answer 16

Needs to worn tightly with strap, unlike UCBL that is loosely placed

less invasive than standard AFO

Ankle stability that allows for some toe movement

Question 17

Superwrap

Answer 17

Neuromuscular facilitator similar to an ACE wrap

Combo of kinesiotape and ACE wrap

Allow for control in flexible format, also lighter

Question 18

Most common AFO

Answer 18

Metal Bars
Total Contact
Floor reaction
Unweighting
Immobilizing

Question 19

Solid Ankle Foot Orthosis (SAFO)

Answer 19

Rigid AFO made of thermoplastic

Resist PF during swing phase

Locked ankle in AFO generates EXTENSOR moment at the knee during stance

Question 20

Principles with PF control system with SAFO

Answer 20

Large primary force is applied in a posterior-inferior direction over anterior surface of ankle

Question 21

Bilateral Metal Upright (bars)

Answer 21

Used for specific scenarios such as: post-polio, neuropathic feet

Foot added to it as well

Question 22

Different AFO styles

Answer 22

Carbon Fiber
Spiral AFO
Posterior Leaf Spring
Dynamic

Question 23

Carbon Fiber AFO

Answer 23

energy returning

Question 24

Spiral AFO

Answer 24

limited control in all planes

Question 25

Posterior Leaf Spring AFO

Answer 25

most common, narrow posterior shell, no M/L support

Question 26

Dynamic

Answer 26

allows the most ankle motion Aggressive spring assist/tilts forward

Question 27

Total Contact AFO

Answer 27

Provides better contact of PF, DF, AND inversion/eversion

Question 28

Floor Reaction AFO (FRO)

Answer 28

prevents forward tibial progression and subsequent knee collapse Anterior orthosis - better for crouched, spastic knee flexion gaits

Question 29

FRO not appropriate for who?

Answer 29

gen recurvatum or ACL deficient knees

Question 30

Double Action Ankle

Answer 30

"Bi-channel adjustable ankle lock (BiCAAL)" Can have a spring in one or 2 directions

Question 31

Articulated vs Non-Articulated

Answer 31

Non-articulated: does not have the capacity for more movement so they need more control Articulated: allows for more natural movement

Question 32

Limited Motion Ankle Control

Answer 32

Bichannel adjustable ankle lock (BiCAAL) Anterior Stop Posterior Stop

Question 33

Bichannel Adjustable Ankle Lock (BiCAAL)

Answer 33

anterior and posterior channels that can be fit with pins to reduce motion or springs to assist motion Gives spring in both directions

Question 34

Anterior Stop/Dorsiflexion Stop

Answer 34

Determines the limits of ankle dorsiflexion Slight DF (5 degrees) = knee flexion Controls knee hyperextension

Question 35

Posterior Stop/Plantarflexion Stop

Answer 35

Limits of ankle plantarflexion Slight PF (5 degrees) = knee extension Control unstable knee that buckles

Question 36

Spring Assist (Klenzak Housing)

Answer 36

Single anterior channel for spring assists to aid dorsiflexion

Question 37

Posterior Leaf Spring (PLS)

Answer 37

plastic AFO inserted into shoe Prevents foot drop

Question 38

T Straps

Answer 38

Varus or Valgus correction straps Medial strap = Valgus Lateral strap = Varus

Question 39

Unweighting AFO

Answer 39

Patellar Tendon Bearing Specific Weight Bearing Total Surface Bearing

Question 40

Immobilizing AFO

Answer 40

Used for LE deficincy when ankle immobilization is desired: Distal tibia/fibula fraction Foot bone fracures Tendoncalcaneous Rupture Diabetic Foot (Charcot Foot)

Question 41

Functional Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

Answer 41

Bioness Electrical stimulation to return muscle activation

Question 42

Knee Orthosis

Answer 42

Malalignment - genu varum, valgum, reucurvatum Protect knee from undue loading/stress

Question 43

Athletic KO

Answer 43

Preventative Decreases lever arm which may not be sufficient

Question 44

Non-Articulated KO

Answer 44

Short term use Difficulty with mobility Swedish knee cage for Genu Recurvatum

Question 45

Pawl locks with Bail Release

Answer 45

Bail release on back so when it is pushed up onto it will allow the knee to flex Will lock in extension for walking