Intro to path

Question 1

4 components of disease

Answer 1

Cause/ etiology
Pathogenesis
Morphologic changes
Clinical manifestation (symptoms)

Question 2

Lab data includes (3)

Answer 2

White blood cell count
Serum enzymes
Liver function test

Question 3

6 optimization tools

Answer 3

Depth 
Focal zone 
Gain 
Zoom 
Tgc 
THI

Question 4

How many measurements of abnormalities

Answer 4

3

Question 5

When reporting measurements which one is reported first

Answer 5

The longest one first

Question 6

Which is more sensetive power or colour doppler

Answer 6

Power

Question 7

Colour doppler used to

Answer 7

Measure blood flow

Question 8

Technical impression has what details of pathology

Answer 8

Location 
How many 
Sonographic terminology 
Measurements 
Vascularity colour

Question 9

What is a lesion

Answer 9

Lump or bump on the skin or in a solid organ

Question 10

Lesions are cystic or solid?

Answer 10

Can be either

Question 11

What is the general term describing any types of abnormality seen on imaging

Answer 11

Lesion

Question 12

What is a nodule

Answer 12

A small mass of rounded or irrefular shape

Question 13

Is a nodule benign of cancerous

Answer 13

Either

Question 14

Where are nodules found

Answer 14

Within organ parenchyma, on tendons, muscles or vocal cords

Question 15

Nodule can also be described as

Answer 15

Solid nodule on a cyst wall or septation

Question 16

Nodule term used most frequently when describing

Answer 16

Thyroid cystic or solid focal areas

Question 17

What is a mass

Answer 17

An abnormal growth of tissue resulting from multiplication of cells

Question 18

Mass is synonym for (2)

Answer 18

Tumor or neoplasia

Question 19

Mass may _____ surrounding tissue

Answer 19

Displace

Question 20

Three types if tumor consistency

Answer 20

Solid
Liquid
Mixed

Question 21

Solid tumor

Answer 21

Might attenuate or no enhancement

Question 22

Liquid tumor

Answer 22

Posterior enhancement

Question 23

Smooth margins aka

Answer 23

Well delineated

Question 24

Mass effect is the

Answer 24

Pushing or displacing of adjacent structures

Question 25

An invading tumor is

Answer 25

Moving into vein or other organ

Question 26

Cysts have what type of vasculature Solid?

Answer 26

Cysts : none Solids might have some

Question 27

Characteristics of benign tumor (4)

Answer 27

No vascularity Peripheral vascularity Smooth contour or margins Slow growing

Question 28

Characteristics of malignant tumor (5)

Answer 28

``` Highly vascular Irregular margins Bulls eye/halo Rapid growth History of cancer ```

Question 29

What is happening in central necrosis eye

Answer 29

Tissue is dying and becoming liquid in the centre

Question 30

A hypoechoic halo may be a _____ sign

Answer 30

Ominous

Question 31

Pathology often needs to be confirmed with

Answer 31

Lab tests