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Intro To Physical Agents Flashcards

1
Q

energy and materials applied to patients to assist in their rehabilitation.

A

Physical Agents

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2
Q

Physical Agents include

A

heat, cold, water, pressure, sound, electromagnetic radiation, and electrical currents.

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3
Q

Categories of Physical Agents

A

Thermal, mechanical, Electromagnetic

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4
Q

Thermal agents include

A

superficial-heating agents, deep-heating agents, and superficial-cooling agents

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5
Q

Mechanical agents include

A

traction, compression, water, and sound.

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6
Q

Electromagnetic agents include

A

electromagnetic fields and electrical currents.

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7
Q

Physical Agents aka

A

Therapeutic Modalities
Physical Modalities
Biophysical Agents
Electrophysical Agents

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8
Q

Represent the admiration of thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, and light energies for a specific therapeutic effect

A

Physical Agents

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9
Q

Represent a group of interventions that are adjunctive components of a more comprehensive therapy plan

A

Physical Agents

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10
Q

Clinical application of physical agents

A

Modulation of pain
Alteration of muscle activation
Decreasing inflammation and facilitating tissue healing
Increasing tissue extensibility

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11
Q

common chief complaint

A

Pain

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12
Q

Goals in pain modulation

A

Increasing blood flow
Decreasing swelling
Reducing compression

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13
Q

Discomfort/ protective signal
Unpleasant sensation
Reliable indication of the location of the injury

A

Pain

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14
Q

a-delta fibers neurons

A

Unipolar at DRG

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15
Q

c fibers neurons

A

Unipolar at DRG

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16
Q

a-delta diameter

A

small

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17
Q

c fibers diameter

A

smallest

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18
Q

a-delta fibers myelination

A

myelinated

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19
Q

c fibers myelination

A

unmyelinated

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20
Q

a delta fibers transmission of action potential

A

30 m/s

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21
Q

c fibers transmission of action potential

A

1-4 m/s

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22
Q

a-delta fibers pain transmitted

A

sharp, stabbing, pricking

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23
Q

c fibers pain transmitted

A

dull, throbbing, aching, burning

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24
Q

a-delta fibers description

A

localized

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25
c fibers description
diffusely localized
26
fibers of Fast acting pain
A delta fibers
27
fibers of Slow acting pain
C fibers
28
Inhibitory to substantia gelatinosa
C fibers
29
Continuous lang yung pain Throbbing and burning Diffusely localize
C fibers
30
Facilitatory to the substantia gelatinosa
A delta fibers
31
Sharp, pricking Could be localized
A delta fibers
32
Pain is modulated by endogenous opioid-like peptides
ENDOGENOUS OPIOID SYSTEM
33
Pain is modulated by endogenous opioid-like peptides called
opiopeptins or endorphins
34
PAIN RELIEF THEORIES
GATE CONTROL ENDOGENOUS OPIOID SYSTEM
35
ALTERATION OF MUSCLE ACTIVATION
FACILITATION INHIBITION
36
Depolarization of peripheral n. to recruit more motor units
FACILITATION
37
Decrease motor nerve conduction or synaptic activity Reduction of pain
INHIBITION
38
Tissue Healing Process
Inflammation Proliferation Maturation
39
Goal during inflammatory phase
-Decrease blood flow and metabolic activity to reduce swelling -Reduction of pain -Minimize duration and residual effects of inflammatory phase
40
Goal during proliferative phase
Enhance blood flow and cellular activity to promote repair of damages tissue
41
Goal during Maturation Phase
-Influence maturation and organization of collagen -Restore functional integrity
42
Inc. tissue extensibility through
Heat
43
facilitates elongation and deformation of collagen
Heat
44
Types of Physical Modality
Thermal, Electromagnetic, Mechanical
45
Agents that increase or decrease tissue temperature
Thermal
46
Types of thermal
Cold or cryotherapy Hot Packs
47
Cold or cryotherapy
Ice or cold pack Vapocoolant spray Cold whirlpool
48
Hot Packs
Hot moist Paraffin wax bath
49
Methods of Heat Energy Transfer
Conduction, Convection, Evaporation, Conversion
50
Treatments that transfer heat through Conduction
Hot moist pack, Paraffin wax bath, ice/ cold pack
51
Treatments that transfer heat through Convection
Cold whirlpool, fluidotherapy
52
Treatments that transfer heat through Evaporation
Vapocoolant spray
53
Treatments that transfer heat through Conversion
Ultrasound and Diathermy
54
Mechanical to electrical energy
Direct Piezoelectric Effect
55
Electric to mechanical
Reverse/Converse/Inverse Piezoelectric Effect
56
Agents that apply electrical current or electromagnetic radiation to induce physiological effects
Electromagnetic
57
Agents that apply force to inc. or dec. pressure on the body
Mechanical
58
Mechanical Intervention
Water, Mechanical Traction, Compression, Pressure, Sound
59
Water
Hydrotherapy
60
Mechanical Traction
Intermittent cervical traction (ICT) or intermittent lumbar traction (ILT)
61
Compression
Intermittent pneumatic compression Used for swelling/edema
62
Pressure
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy
63
Sound
Ultrasound Continuous or pulsed mode Electrical to mechanical Crystal in ultrasound vibrates = soundwaves = heat
64
Relative contraindications
Precaution
65
Conditions or factors in which a pt is at risk of experiencing an adverse event
Precautions
66
Proceed with caution
Precautions
67
Old age
Precautions
68
Impaired Sensation
Precautions
69
Pregnancy
Precautions
70
Unconcious
Precautions
71
Young age
Precautions
72
Absolute contraindications
contraindications
73
Conditions or factors in which treatment over a specific body region should not be applied
contraindications
74
Increased risk of adverse effects
contraindications
75
cancer
contraindications
76
fever
contraindications
77
Electronic implants
contraindications
78
Hemorrhagic conditions
contraindications
79
Active deep venous thrombosis
contraindications
80
Documentation
Modality Body region Patient position Parameters (specific to the modality) Rationale
81
Transfer of energy to a patient to increase or decrease tissue temperature
THERMAL AGENTS
82
Superficial Heating Modalities
❑Hot moist packs / HMP (kept in hydrocollator tank) ❑Paraffin wax bath / PWB ❑Fluidotherapy
83
➢ Deep Heating Modalities
❑Ultrasound (US) ❑Diathermy ❑Shortwave Diathermy (SWD) ❑Microwave Diathermy (MWD)
84
Apply energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation or an electric current
ELECTROMAGNETIC AGENTS
85
energy is transmitted by oscillatory motion in the form of -
Electromagnetic Wave
86
__ wavelength → __ frequency of oscillation
Shorter, higher
87
representation of various wave energies
Electromagnetic spectrum
88
energy is transmitted by oscillatory motion in the form of ___
Electromagnetic Wave
89
Electromagnetic Wave
ultraviolet radiation, diathermy, LASER, infrared radiation
90
use of electrical current to induce muscle contraction, changes in sensation, edema reduction and tissue healing
Electrical Stimulation
91
Electrical Stimulation
❑Neuromuscular electrical stimulation ❑Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
92
Inflammation Phase Duration
4-6 days
93
Proliferation Phase Duration
4-24 days
94
Remodeling Phase Duration
21 days -2 yrs
95
Inflammation Phase
Vasoconstriction - vasodilation - blood clot - phagocytosis
96
Proliferation Phase
Epithelialization - fibroplasia - wound contracture - neurovascular
97
Maturation Phase
Collagen cytosis - collagen fiber orientation - healed injury

PMod (10 decks)

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