intro to psychology Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is psychology?
Psychology is the study of behaviors and mental process
why do we study psychology?
We study psychology to understand human behaviors, emotions, and personalities and the sciences of it
what is the “stroop” effect?
It is an effect of the delay in reaction time
what is the “mcgurk” effect?
Psychology effect that what we hear will
change based on what we see.
what is a psychologist?
a person who is a professional who practices psychology and studies the mental state.
What is a psychiatrist?
Psychiatrists are physicians who evaluate patients, diagnose and treat psychiatric disorders
what is a clinical psychologist?
Clinical psychologists assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders
what is a research psychologist?
Research psychologists are scientists who study the brain and behavior
what is a bias?
Preconceptions (already held beliefs) that cloud our observations and influence the questions we ask.
what is the placebo effect
The placebo effect refers to the effects(either positive or negative) associated with a subject’s beliefs and attitudes
what are the 3 main levels of psychology
Behaviorism: the belief that all behavior is learned
psychodynamic: a study of the emotional and mental processes that influence behavior
humanistic: an individual’s behavior is connected to his inner feelings and self-image.
what are the big 3 debates in psychology and what questions do they ask?
Nature vs. Nurture: Are we a product of our genetic makeup or our environment?
stability vs. change: Are we fundamentally the same person throughout life or do different types of therapy change our perceptions and thus our behaviors
Person vs. situation: Do we change according to the environment or do we stay the same wherever we go
Explain the 7 perspectives of psychology and put the psychologist associated with it
Neuroscience perspective: Cajal, How the body and brain enable emotions, memories and experiences
Evolutionary perspective: Darwin, How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes.
Behaviour genetics perspectives: Francis Galton, how our genes and environment influence our individual differences
Psychodynamic perspective: Freud, How behaviours springs from unconsious drives and conflicts
Behavioural Perspective: Watson, how we learn observable responses
Cognitive Perspective: Ulric, how we encode, process, store and retrieve information.
Social-Cultural perspective: Vygotsky, how behaviour and thinking vary from situations and cultures.
how does classical conditioning work? give an example
When two unrelated things are paired and become associated with each other over time.
Ex: smartphone noise paired with someone
what did the Little Albert experiment prove?
An unethical experiment by Skinner proved that conditioning and the environment can change someone’s behavior
what is operant conditioning? provide an example
associating behavior with reward and punishment to continue the behavior.
Ex: getting an allowance for cleaning
what are the 5 items in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in order?
1st physiological needs like breathing, water, and food
2nd. safety and security like health, employment, family, and social stability
3rd. love and belonging like friendship, family, and intimacy
4th. self-esteem such as confidence, achievement and respect for others
5th. lastly self-actualization such as morality, creativity spontaneity and acceptance
what is a Freudian slip”
known as a slip of the tongue, letting true hidden feelings slip out in speech, memory, or physical action
who is considered the father of psychology
William Wundt is considered the father of psychology.
describe the early approach to dealing with the mentally ill, what would they do to treat them?
When nurses and doctors were met with mental illness they did anything to change and prevent the behavior from happening again in negative ways, like insulin overdoses to calm down a patient.
what were the side effects of lobotomies?
Chronic headaches, seizures, dementia, inability to move/speak, and death
