Intro to PUB QUIZ 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What type of data collects material
- Vital statistics (data about births, deaths, marriages, and migrations.) - This is quantitative data.
- Administrative data – Data collected from programs, e.g., hospitals reporting sickness and treatments.
- Surveys – Predetermined questions on specific topics.
- Surveillance data – Disease occurrences tracked by doctors/labs under law.
- Qualitative data – Describes quality of experience or understanding of events.
Epidemiological concepts
- Prevalence
- Incidence
- Mortality
- Morbidity
- Case fatality rate
- Life expectancy
Prevalence
Total existing cases of disease in a population
Incidence
Number of new cases among those at risk
Mortality
The numbers of deaths in a population
Morbidity
Illness level or rate of disease in a population
case fatality rate
Deaths per number of disease cases
Life expectancy
Average years a person is expected to live
Epidemiological studies?
Epidemiological studies how diseases spread, how to stop them, those who are affected by it and why
Risk factors from certain populations.
Age
Income
Location
Lifestyle
Ethnicity
Special needs groups
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
- CALD (culturally and linguistically diverse)
- Rural/remote residents
- Financially/socially disadvantaged
- Veterans and spouses
- Homeless or at risk
- Care leavers
- LGTBQI+ community
Inequity
Unfair health differences caused by discrimination or poor leadership; avoidable.
Inequality
Uneven access to health or resources; not always unfair (e.g., location, genetics).
Difference between Inequality and equity
The difference is that inequity means unfair treatment that can be fixed, while inequality means uneven access that isn’t always unfair, just based on things like where you live or what’s available.
The line of inequality
The line of inequality usually refers to the gap or boundary between groups who have more and those who have less — like health, money, or access to services.
The purpose of National Priority Areas
They highlight key health issues so government can focus resources where most needed. They help make sure support, services, and funding go to the people and problems that need it most.
YLD - (Years lived with disability)
The number of years of what could have been a healthy life that were instead spent in states of less than full health. YLD represents non-fatal burden.
Public health needs to consider
Prevention – Stop disease before it starts
Equity – Equal care for all
Cleanliness – Safe water/environment
Education – Promote healthy habits
Healthcare Access – Everyone gets care
Mental Health – Mind and body care
Environment – Clean air, food, water
Data – Use research to decide actions
Emergency Response – Be ready for crises
Collaboration – Work together to solve issues
What are the determinant of health
Determinants of health are the different things that affect a person’s health — like where they live, how much money they have, their education, access to healthcare, and lifestyle choices.
The three main determinants of health
- Social and economic environment
- Physical environment
- Individuals characteristics and behaviours.
Who is Dr John snow?
A physician who Mapped cholera deaths, found water was the cause (not air); used data to trace source.
Who is Sister Florence Nightingale?
A pioneer, responsible for modern nursing who Improved hospital hygiene and reduced infections; promoted public health.
Proper sanitation reduced disease spread and improved outcomes in hospitals.
The similarities between Dr John Snow and Sister Florence Nightingale
They both had a drive to reduce overcrowding and improve sanitation by focusing on the root causes of health problems and promoting cleanliness, which ultimately helped lower death rates.
Academic paper 2
Objective
Percentage of increase
Region with highest percentage
Most prevalent Major contribution
Objective – Assess depression burden globally from 1990 to 2017.
Percentage of Increase – 18.4% rise in global age-standardized prevalence.
Region with Highest Percentage – Low- and middle-income countries.
Most Prevalent Major Contribution – Depression = leading cause of disability (DALYs).
