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Overview Of Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is every living organism made up of?

A

Cells.

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2
Q

Bacteria is made up of how many cells?

A

1.

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3
Q

Cells are considered the __________ of every organism?

A

building blocks.

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4
Q

What is a Cell?

A

A cell is a structural and fundamental unit of life in which all organisms are made up of.

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5
Q

How many types of Cells are there and what are they?

A

There are 2 Cells. The Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell.

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6
Q

What must all cells have?
(HINT: 5)

A

Cell Membrane.
Genetic Material.
RNA or DNA.
Cytoplasm.
Ribosomes.

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7
Q

What does RNA stand for and what’s it’s main function?

A

RNA stands for Ribonucleic acid and is essential for translating genetic information into functional proteins and regulating various cellular processes.

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8
Q

What does DNA stand for and what’s it’s main function?

A

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid and it’s function is to store and manage the genetic information necessary for life, enabling organisms to grow, develop, reproduce, and function properly.

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9
Q

What is the Mitochondria?

A

It’s the power house of the cell. it produces the cells energy currency called ‘ATP’

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10
Q

What is the Vacuole’s function?

A

The vacuole’s role is to store food, water and other waste materials within the cell.

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11
Q

What’s the process called when a few cells come together?

A

proliferation.

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12
Q

How many types of Endoplasmic reticulum are there and what are they?

A
  1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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13
Q

What does SER stand for?

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.

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14
Q

What does RER stand for?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

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15
Q

What needs to be attached to a cell to make it a rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Ribosomes.

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16
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes are tiny cell structures that make proteins by reading instructions from the RNA and linking amino acids in the correct order.

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17
Q

Define Prokaryotic Cells.

A

Prokaryotic cells are simple, small cells that do not have a nucleus. Their genetic material is not enclosed in a membrane but instead floats freely in the cell.

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18
Q

Where can Prokaryotic Cells be found?

A

Bacteria and Archaea.

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19
Q

Define Eukaryotic Cells.

A

Eukaryotic cells are advanced cells with a nucleus that holds their DNA, surrounded by a membrane. They also have organelles like mitochondria for energy production.

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20
Q

Where can Eukaryotic Cells be found? (List 4)

A
  1. Helminth Cells (Parasitic Worms)
  2. Animal Cells (including humans)
  3. Plant Cells
  4. Fungal Cells
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21
Q

Do animal cells have a cell wall?

A

No.

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22
Q

Define Cytoplasm.

A

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside cells that surrounds all organelles except the nucleus. It contains water, salts, and organic molecules, and supports cell activities like metabolism and transport.

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23
Q

What is the Golgi body and it’s function?

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A

The Golgi apparatus is a cellular organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It processes, packages, and distributs molecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.

24
Q

Define Organelles.

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A

Organelles are specialised structures within cells that perform specific functions essential for cellular survival, growth, and reproduction.

25
Are organelles found in prokaryotic cells?
No.
26
List the organelles found in eukaryotic cells. (HINT: there's 11)
1. Nucleus 2. Mitochondria 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Smooth & Rough. 4. Golgi Apparatus 5. Lysosomes 6. Vacuoles 7. Chloroplasts (found in plant cells and some algae) 8. Ribosomes 9. Cytoskeleton 10. Centrioles (found in animal cells) 11. Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
27
Define Chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants and algae. It plays a crucial role in photosynthesis by absorbing light energy from the sun.
28
Define photosynthesis.
photosynthesis is how plants use sunlight to make food. They take carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil, and with sunlight and chlorophyll, they turn these into glucose (sugar) and oxygen. This process helps plants grow and produces the oxygen we breathe.
29
Define Chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some algae. They are responsible for conducting photosynthesis
30
What is the Nucleus?
1. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that houses the cell's genetic material (DNA). 2. It regulates gene expression and controls the activities of the cell. 3. The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which contains pores that regulate the passage of molecules into and out of the nucleus
31
What is the Nucleolus?
1. The nucleolus is a structure within the nucleus, not bound by a membrane. 2. It is involved in the production and assembly of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis. 3. The nucleolus contains DNA, RNA, and proteins, and it appears as a dense region within the nucleus under a microscope.
32
What is the flagella?
The flagella are long, tail like structures on cells that help them move. They allow cells to swim through liquids like water.
33
Can the flagella be found in both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?
Yes.
34
List 2 examples of flagella in prokaryotic cells.
Bacteria and archaea.
35
List 2 examples of flagella in eukaryotic cells.
Euglena and Sperm.
36
A plant cell that would NOT contain chloroplasts and why?
Root cells. Because they are underground and do not participate in photosynthesis. Instead, they absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
37
What is the nucleus also known as?
The control center.
38
What are microfilaments?
Microfilaments are thin protein strands inside cells that help keep the cell's shape, allow it to move, and assist in cell division. They are made of a protein called actin and are part of the cell's support structure, known as the cytoskeleton.
39
Where can microfilaments be found?
Microfilaments can be found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
40
In which cells can the vacuole be found? (HINT: 4)
1. Animal Cells 2. Plant Cells 3. Fungal Cells 4. Protist Cells
41
In which cell ONLY can the central large vacuoles be found?
Plant cells because they store water and nutrients, maintain pressure for structure, and support cell growth.
42
Define Lysosome.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances.
43
In which cells are lysosomes found?
Animal cells Protists cells
44
What are Protists cells?
They are single-celled eukaryotic organism
45
What role do lysosomes play in maintaining cell health and function?
Lysosomes play a crucial role in cellular digestion, recycling of cellular components, and maintaining cell health by removing unwanted materials.
46
Define enzymes.
Enzymes are like tiny machines in our bodies that help speed up chemical reactions. They make it easier for reactions to happen, which is crucial for processes like digestion and metabolism.
47
Define lipids.
Lipids are a type of fat-like molecule that store energy, make up cell membranes, and act as signaling molecules in the body.
48
Define Carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are molecules that provide energy to our bodies. They are found in foods like bread, pasta, fruits, and vegetables.
49
Where are ribosomes found?
They are found either floating in the cell or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
50
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate.
51
What produces Adenosine Triphosphate?
The mitochondria.
52
List 5 systems present in the human body.
1. Digestive system 2. Respiratory system 3. Nervous system 4. Endocrine system 5. Reproductive system
53
What is present WITHIN the cells? (HINT: 4)
1. Cytosol 2. Organelles 3. Protoplasm 4. Cytoplasm
54
Where are ribosomes found producing protein?
Nucleolus or Nucleus.
55

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