Intro To Respiration W1 Flashcards

Question

Asthma signs and symptoms

Answer 1

Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, dry cough, cough, wheezing, chest pain

Answer 2

A disease characterised by airflow obstruction which is usually progressive, not fully reversible and does not change over several months. Airflow obstruction is due to airway and parenchymal damage on the result of chronic inflammation that differs from asthma. It is an umbrella term for what used to be diagnosed as emphysema and bronchitis

Answer 3

Smoking - Occupational dust exposure and biomass in cooking an air pollution - More than 90% associated with smoking but only 10% of smokers developed the disease Alpha antitrypsin deficiency - Autosomal recessive condition - Auntie Alphatrypsin is an anti-protease enzyme which inhibits neutrophile elastase - elastase breakdown extra cellular matrix leading to lung damage and Alviola collapse

Answer 4

Bronchitis or emphysema is predominant In reality, the underlying pathophysiology may be a mixture between the two extremes

Answer 5

• Patients often have a productive cough, are overweight, dyspnea on physical exertion. • Retain CO2 and lose ability to increase the rate and depth of ventilation. • Bronchospasm • Wheeze and dyspnoea • Hypoxia and hypercapnia • Blue tinge on skin, lips and palms

Answer 6

• Patients tend to hyperventilate to compensate for hypoxia, appearing pink with little CO2 retention. • They are often thin with pursed lips in an effort to compensate for lack of elastic recoil. • Breathe more but not getting enough oxygen • Increasing dyspnea even at rest • Bronchial infection less common • Minimal cough

Answer 7

• Smoker or ex-smoker - nearly all • Symptoms under age of 35 - rare • Chronic productive cough - Common • Breathlessness - persistent and progressive • Night time waking with breathlessness and/or wheeze - uncommon • Significant diurnal or day to day variability of symptoms - uncommon

Answer 8

• Smoker or ex-smoker - possibly • Symptoms under age of 35 - often • Chronic productive cough - uncommon • Breathlessness - variable • Night time waking with breathlessness and/or wheeze - common • Significant diurnal or day to day variability of symptoms - common

Answer 9

small but crucial group of neurons in the brain stem specifically in the Medella that is critical for generating the rhythmic breathing pattern. It is considered the main pacemaker a breathing.

Answer 10

originates from the cervical spinal cord and controls the diaphragm contraction leading to inhalation

Answer 11

group of nerves from the spinal cord that run between the ribs and are responsible for innovating intercostal muscles which expand and contract the rib cage

Answer 12

refers to the carotid arteries which are major blood vessels in the neck. There are two main carotid arteries the internal and external.

Answer 13

test to help diagnose/monitor lung conditions.measures how much air you can breathe in and out.

Answer 14

refers to a genetic tendency to develop allergic conditions

Answer 15

refers to conditions that reserve but allergic responses but are not caused by allergens or an overreactive immune system. There is no genetic predisposition.

Answer 16

something that originates from or is due to external factors

Answer 17

refers to something that originates from or is caused by internal factors

Answer 18

quantity of air in millilitres that we breath in an out in a normal breath

Answer 19

quantity of air in millilitres that we breath in an out in a normal breath

Answer 20

rate at which we reach in breaths per minute

Answer 21

below normal CO2 in arterial blood

Answer 22

difficulty breathing/shortness in breath

Answer 23

a sustained worsening of the patient’s symptoms from their usual stable state that is beyond normal day-to-day variations, and is acut in onset.

Answer 24

blueness of skin

Answer 25

excess CO2 in arterial blood

Answer 26

insufficient O2 at cellular level