Intro To The Cell

Question 1

Cells are the building blocks of?

Answer 1

All living things.
Cells provide structure for the body,
Cells take in nutrients from food and convert those nutrients into energy,
Cells carry out specialized functions, and
Cells contain the body’s hereditary material and can make copies of themselves.

Question 2

Characteristics of life…

Answer 2

Order
Reproduction
Growth
Energy Utilization & Metabolism Respond to the Environment Homeostasis
Evolutionary Adaptation

Question 3

Are cells alive?

Are viruses alive?

Answer 3

Cells are alive and viruses are not though there is speculation.

Question 4

What did Robert Hooke do (1665)

Answer 4

Observed tiny boxes in a cork and named them “cells”

Question 5

Antoine van leeuwenhoek (1633-1723)

Answer 5

Observed living single cellular organisms in pond water.

Question 6

Spontaneous generation or abiogenesis is….?

Answer 6

Obsolete theory that living organisms arose from non-living matter. (1600-1800)

Question 7

What is the current understanding for where cells come from?

Answer 7

Biogenesis

Question 8

Francesco Redi (1668) disproved what? And how?

Answer 8

Disproved that cells spontaneously generated and he did 5is by covering meat jars with gauze prevented the generation of maggots/flies.

Question 9

Biogenesis is?

Answer 9

All cells com from pre-existing cells.

Question 10

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (1839), cell theory consists of what?

Answer 10

• All living things are made up of one or more cell
• The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms
• All cells come from pre-existing cells (biogenesis)

Question 11

Modern additions to cell theory include?

Answer 11

4. Energy flow occurs within cells.
5. Heredity information (DNA) is passed on from cell to cell.
6. All cells have the same basic chemical composition.

Question 12

Transmission of information in cells includes?

Answer 12

DNA Replication is where the cell copies its DNA genome.
Transcription is where the cell makes an RNA copy of the DNA sequence of a gene.
Translation is where the ribosome uses the RNA sequence of nucleotides to make an amino acid sequence (a protein).

Question 13

Prokaryotic cell domain of life is?

Answer 13

Bactria and Archaea

Question 14

Eukaryotic cells domain of life is?

Answer 14

Eukarya

Kingdoms include, animals, plants, fungi, protists and algae

Question 15

Self replicating entities that do not contain cells are?

Answer 15

Viruses and prions

Question 16

What is taxonomy?

Answer 16

Organisms are sorted in hierarchy (species, genus, family etc)
Things gets classified by looking at similar shared traits.

Question 17

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) did what?

Answer 17

Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air with his swan neck flask experiment.

Question 18

Historically, microorganisms have been classified by taxonomy based on?

Answer 18

Cell shape
Ability to be stained
Biochemical abilities

Question 19

Phylogeny?

Answer 19

Evolutionary history of a species or group of related species (similarity of DNA and RNA sequences)

Question 20

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 20

Scientific names for organisms

Question 21

Genus?

Answer 21

A taxonomic category above the species level, designated by the first word of species two part scientific name.

Question 22

A hypothesis is?

Answer 22

A hypothetical explanation
A tentative answers to a well framed question
A rational account for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by deductive reasoning
Must be testable and falsifiable

Question 23

The scientific process?

Answer 23

1. Be curious, make observations
2. Generate a question… what do you want to know
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Experiment: perform a series of tests capable of supporting or disproving your hypothesis
5. Formulate conclusions
6. Rinse and repeat

Question 24

Experimental group?

Answer 24

Subsets of organisms etc. For which one or more factors are changed or manipulated

Question 25

Independent variable

Answer 25

Is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable

Question 26

Dependent variable

Answer 26

Is the variable being tested and measured in the experiment.

Example:
A scientist is testing the effects of a new fertilizer on plant growth. The independent variable is the amount of fertilizer and the depended variable is the plants growth

Question 27

Control groups

Answer 27

Outcome to which you compare your changed or manipulated group

Question 28

Negative controls

Answer 28

Groups where no phenomenon is expected

Example: testing plant growth with a new fertilizer the negative control would be not giving the plant any fertilizer.

Question 29

Positive control

Answer 29

Groups where a phenomenon is expected

Example : by using an experimental treatment that is already known to produce that effect

Question 30

Can we always use the scientific theory?

Answer 30

No there are just questions that cannot not be answered with the scientific method.

Question 31

A type of cells lacking a membrane- enclosed nucleus and membrane- enclosed organelles are?

Answer 31

Prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria and archea

Question 32

The 3 domains are?

Answer 32

Archea, bacteria, eukarya

Question 33

The smallest structure and functional unit of an organisms is?

Answer 33

The cell

Question 34

Eukaryote

Answer 34

A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.

Question 35

Organisms with eukaryotic cells are?

Answer 35

Protists, plants, fungi, algae, and animals

Question 36

What is science?

Answer 36

Science is from scientia “to know”

Science is a systematic approach to understanding the natural world.