Topic 6 - eukaryotic cells

Question 1

Eukaryote

Answer 1

organisms whose cells contain a membrane bound nucleus and include animal, plant, fungi, and protists

Question 2

Chromatin

Answer 2

is DNA and proteins in the nucleus that form genetic material

Question 3

Endomembrane system

Answer 3

The collection of membranes inside and membranes inside and surrounding a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles

Question 4

Golgi (cis & trans)

Answer 4

cis is receiving, trans is exportation

Question 5

Peroxisome

Answer 5

Metabolize (break down) long and branched fatty acids chains. Peroxisomes can also detoxify substances.

Question 6

Organelle

Answer 6

any of several membrane enclosed structures with specialized functions

Question 7

Nuclear pore

Answer 7

regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus

Question 8

Rough ER

Answer 8

• has bound ribosomes, which produce and processes membrane protein and proteins for excretion
• distributes transport vesicles & proteins

Question 9

Smooth ER

Answer 9

• synthesizes lipids
• metabolizes carbohydrates
• detoxifies poisons/ drugs
• stores calcium

Question 10

Vesicle

Answer 10

a membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

Question 11

vacuole

Answer 11

diverse maintenance compartments

Question 12

central vacuole

Answer 12

found in many mature plant cells; hold organic compounds and water

Question 13

food vacuoles

Answer 13

formed by phagocytosis

Question 14

contractile vacuoles

Answer 14

found in many freshwater protists; pump excess water out of cells

Question 15

nucleus

Answer 15

contains the most genome (where most DNA is located) and takes up 10-20% of cell volume.

Question 16

nucleur lamina

Answer 16

array of protein filaments used for support and structure

Question 17

lysosomes

Answer 17

a membraneous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules

Question 18

mitocondria

Answer 18

is the sites of cellular respiration, uses oxygen to break down organic molecules, and synthesizes ATP

Question 19

nucleolus

Answer 19

located in nucleus, consisting of chromosomal regions containing RNA genes and proteins

Question 20

Ribosomes

Answer 20

made of RNA and carry out protein synthesis. Located in cytosol (free ribosomes) and on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum or the nuclear envelope (bound ribosomes)

Question 21

Autophagy

Answer 21

a process where lysosomes use enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organelles and macromolecules.

Question 22

Chloroplast

Answer 22

found in plants and algae and are the site of photosynthesis
- a member of the plastid family (convert light energy into chemical energy)