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Micro > Intro to the Immune System > Flashcards

Intro to the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

The immune response is mediated by the:

A

immune system

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2
Q

The immune response can be either:

A

Protective: defense against microbes & tumors
Aberrant: can cause diseases (like autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, allergies)

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3
Q

define the immune response

A

immune reaction to any substance, infectious or non-infectious, foreign or self (microbes, macromolecules, or metals)

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4
Q

define antigens

A

any substance that induces a specific adaptive immune response (t & b cells)

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5
Q

T/F a microbe can only possess one antigen

A

False. each microbe possess many different antigens

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6
Q

Define innate immunity in terms of response time, antigen specificity, and memory

A

Immediate, non antigen specific response, and no memory

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7
Q

the innate immunity is always present ot block ____ _____

A

microbe entry

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8
Q

define adaptive immunity in terms of antigen specificity, and memory

A

specific antigen recognition, expansion, & activation and long-lasting memory

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9
Q

humoral immunity is mediated by ______ and deals with intracellular or extracellular microbes

A

antibodies. extracellular microbes

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10
Q

cell mediated immunity is mediated by _______ and deals with intracellular or extracellular microbes

A

T lymphocytes. intracellular microbes

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11
Q

what are the two types of T lymphocytes

A

helper T cells & cytotoxic T cells

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12
Q

define clonal selection

A

lymphocyte clones arise in response to antigen specific immune response

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13
Q

does the primary or secondary immune response mount a larger and more effective response

A

secondary. responds to repeated antigen exposures

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14
Q

when does the primary response occur

A

1-3 weeks

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15
Q

when does the secondary response occur

A

2-7 weeks

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16
Q

which cells are specific to innate immunity

A

macrophage, natural killer cell, dendritic cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil

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17
Q

which cells are specific to adaptive immunity

A

B cells, T cell (kind of) which can then be CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells

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18
Q

which cells are part of both innate and adaptive immunities

A

T cell and natural killer T cell

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19
Q

what is the primary fnct of lymphocytes

A

circulate and initiate response upon recognition of antigen

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20
Q

what are the two types of lymphocytes

A

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes

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21
Q

B lymphocytes are mediators of which immunity

A

humoral immunity

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22
Q

T lymphocytes are mediators of which immunity

A

cell-mediated

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23
Q

Lymphocytes reside where

A

blood/lymphoid organs

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24
Q

antigen presenting cells general fnct

A

detect presence of microbes

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25
Q

which cells are antigen-presenting cells

A

dendritic cells, macrophages, (maybe) B cells

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26
Q

antigen presenting cells reside where

A

tissue/lymphoid organs

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27
Q

dendritic cells do what

A

initiate T cell response

28
Q

macrophages do what

A

effector phase of cell-mediated immunity

29
Q

what are the effector cells

A

T lymphocytes, macrophages, granulocytes

30
Q

general fnct of effector cells

A

elimination of antigens/ destroy microbes

31
Q

effector cells reside where

A

blood and then to the infection

32
Q

role of T lymphocytes as an effector cell

A

activation of phagocytes, killing infected cells

33
Q

role of macrophages as an effector cell

A

phagocytosis and killing of microbes

34
Q

granulocytes role as an effector cell

A

killing microbes

35
Q

B lymphocyte function

A

neutralization of microbe, phagocytosis, complement activation

36
Q

helper T lymphocyte function

A

activation of macrophages, inflammation, activation (proliferation and differentiation) of T and B lymphocytes

37
Q

cytotoxic T lymphocyte function

A

killing infected cell

38
Q

regulatory T lymphocyte function

A

suppression of immune response

39
Q

all cells come from the

A

bone marrow

40
Q

B cells mature in the

A

bone marrow

41
Q

T cells mature in the

A

thymus

42
Q

define naive cell

A

not seen an antigen

43
Q

naive T/B cells survive for how long

A

weeks-months and die if no antigen

44
Q

effector T/B cells survive for how long

A

short lived and die when the antigen is eliminated

45
Q

memory T/B cells survive for how long

A

long period of time

46
Q

do you have more naive or memory T cells as a kid

A

naive T cells

47
Q

do you have more naive or memory T cells as an adult

A

memory T cells

48
Q

which are the primary or central lymphoid organs

A

bone marrow and thymus

49
Q

which are the peripheral or secondary lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal and cutaneous lymphoid tissues

50
Q

organization of secondary lymphoid organs enables what

A
  • antigen presenting cells to concentrate antigen
  • lymphocytes to locate and respond to antigens
  • cells to interact with each other
51
Q

which tissues have the most number of lymphocytes

A

lymph nodes (most) and spleen. then bone marrow and intestines

52
Q

lymph drains into

A

lymph nodes

53
Q

function of lymph and lymph nodes

A

concentrate antigens and allow sampling of antigens by antigen presenting cells at the site

54
Q

T/F B cells and T cells reside in the same zone

A

F. They reside in distinct cell zones

55
Q

activated T cells migrate in _______ to eliminate _______

A

tissues, microbes

56
Q

which cells pick up antigens in tissues and migrate to lymph nodes

A

dendritic cells

57
Q

B & T cells enter the lymph node through the

A

artery

58
Q

dendritic cells and antigens enter the lymph node through the

A

afferent lymphatic vessel

59
Q

T cells are attracted:

A

outside but adjacent to follicles (paracortex)

60
Q

B cells are attracted:

A

in follicles around the periphery (cortex)

61
Q

the mucosal immune system has a similar organization as

A

lymph nodes (tonsils, Peyer’s patch)

62
Q

how is the movement of T and B cells coordinated

A

chemokines and chemokine receptors

63
Q

the chemokine receptor for the T cell zone is _____ which is bound by chemokine _______

A

CCR7, CCL19

64
Q

the chemokine receptor for the B cell zone is ______ which is bound by chemokine ________

A

CXCR5, CXCL5

65
Q

how does immune response to microbes occur

A

Several steps: antigen recognition, cell activation, antigen elimination

66
Q

what are the phases of the adaptive immune response

A
  • antigen recognition
  • clonal expansion
  • differentiation in effector cells
  • contraction via apoptosis
  • memory cells

Micro (15 decks)

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