intro to the UE

Question 1

what is the upper limb composed of?

Answer 1

skeletal structures:
-clavicle
-scapula
-humerus
-ulna
-radius
-carpal bone
joints:
-joints of the shoulder
-elbow joint
-wrist joint

Question 2

how would you describe the medial end of the clavicle?

what other name can it be given?

Answer 2

• flatter

- sternal end

Question 3

how is the shaft of the clavicle oriented on the superior and inferior surface?

Answer 3

-superior:
convexe anteriorly
-inferior: concave anteriorly

Question 4

what does the acromial end articulate with?

Answer 4

the scapula

Question 5

what is the groove on the inferior surface of the clavicle for?

Answer 5

its for the subclavian muscle

Question 6

what are the 3 borders of the scapula

Answer 6

-lateral border
-superior border
medial border

Question 7

what are the 3 angles seen on the scapula?

Answer 7

• lateral angle
• inferior angle
• superior angle

Question 8

where would you locate the acromion on the pectoral girdle?

Answer 8

from the anterior view, it can be observed to be at the superior border/superior angle of the scapula

Question 9

what is the name of the process found below the acromion on the scapula?

Answer 9

coracoid process

Question 10

a ridge can be observed on the posterior side of the scapula, what is its name?

Answer 10

its the spine of the scapula

Question 11

in what view can the glenoid fossa be best observed?

Answer 11

sagittal view

Question 12

what are the names of the tubercules that can be found both above and below the glenoid fossa?

Answer 12

supra-glenoid tubercule

infraglenoid tubercyle

Question 13

is the subscapular fossa found on the anterior or posterior side of the scapula?

Answer 13

anterior

Question 14

what are the 2 fossa that can be found on the posterior side of the scapula? and where about relative to the spine of the scapula can they be found?

Answer 14

• above: supraspinous fossa

- below: infraspinous fossa

Question 15

what are the important landmarks for the bones of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 15

spine of scapula : TIII

inferior angle of scapula: TVII

Question 16

what are the components of the proximal humerus?

Answer 16

• head of the humerus
• anatomical Neck
• surgical neck
• lesser tubercule
• greater tubercule
• intertubercular groove
• deltoid tuberosity

Question 17

what are the 4 joints of the pectoral girdle and shoulder?

Answer 17

sternoclavicular joint
acromioclavicular joint
glenohumeral joint
scapulothroacic “joint”

Question 18

what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 18

synovial joint

Saddle (biaxial joint

Question 19

what types of movements does the sternoclavicular joint allow?

Answer 19

elevation/depression
protraction/retraction
circumduction

we can also a slight rotation of the clavicle

Question 20

what are the 3 articulations that compose the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 20

sternum, clavicle and costal cartilage of the first rib

Question 21

where does the interclavicular ligament range from?

Answer 21

it goes from one side to the other all the way along the clavicle

Question 22

what ligament in the sternoclavicular joint prevents superior dislocation?
describe its location?

Answer 22

-costoclavicular ligament
its located on the anterior side of the clavicle
right at the junction between the clavicle and sternum

Question 23

what is the ligament that is located right above the clavicle?

Answer 23

anterior sternoclavicular ligament

Question 24

what is the joint formed between the acromion and the clavicle?

Answer 24

acromioclavicular joint

Question 25

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 25

synovial plane gliding

Question 26

what does the acromioclavicular ligament prevent?

Answer 26

it limits superior dislocation

Question 27

what is the ligament that extends from the coracoid process and the acromion?

Answer 27

coracoacromial ligament

Question 28

what are the subcomponents that form the coracoclavicular ligament?

Answer 28

trapezoid ligament | conoid ligament

Question 29

what generally happens in an acromioclavicular dislocation?

Answer 29

the clavicle tends to pop out and situate itself above the acromion

Question 30

what are the components that articulate together in the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 30

-glenoid fossa articulates with the head of the humerus

Question 31

what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 31

its a synovial joint, ball and socket joint multiaxial

Question 32

what is the name of the cartilagenous ring found in the glenoid cavity? what is its function?

Answer 32

glenoid labrum | it fills the cavity to ensure proper articulation

Question 33

what type of cavity can be observed on the lateral side of the pectroal girlde and shoulder?

Answer 33

a large synovial cavity

Question 34

what is the function of the redundant capsule between the humerous and glenoid fossa?

Answer 34

it give eleasticity

Question 35

what movements can be accomplished by the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 35

flexion/extension abduction/adduction circumduction lateral/medial rotation

Question 36

in the glenohumeral joint, what ligament can be found on the superior side, between the acromion and the coracoid?

Answer 36

coracohumeral ligament

Question 37

what are the 3 components of the glenohumeral ligaments?

Answer 37

- superior - middle - inferior

Question 38

what injury might a QB be susceptile to if he is running in one direction and someone grads his arm in an oposite motion?

Answer 38

he will most likely have an anterior dislocation of the Glenohumeral joint du to the opposite forces

Question 39

in what cases could a posterior dislocation of the glennohumeral joint occur?

Answer 39

if someone missises a step and falls with their arms straight out causing for the shoulder to pop back.

Question 40

how can your shoulder de inferiorly dislocated?

Answer 40

when the arm/shoulder is an abducted position

Question 41

how do joint work together to provide movement of the arm for the first 30 degrees of abduction?

Answer 41

movement occurs only at glenohumeral

Question 42

beyond 30 degrees of abduction how do the joints work together to provide movement of the arm

Answer 42

movement at the glenohumeral joint is possible due to concurrent movements at the sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic joints

Question 43

what happens to the scapula whenem elevating the sternoclavicular?

Answer 43

upward rotation

Question 44

why is the scapulothoracic joint not a true joint?

Answer 44

it does not have a ligament to connect the 2 boney structures

Question 45

what is the ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement respectively?

Answer 45

2:1

Question 46

where is the scapulothoracic joint located?

Answer 46

on the anterior surface of the scapula laying on the posterior surface of ribs II-VII

Question 47

what is the function of the scapulothoracic joint

Answer 47

provides dynamic stability of shoulder joint to enable full glenohumeral elebation and abduction

Question 48

what movements can be executed at the scapulothoracic joint?

Answer 48

elevation/depression protraction (abduction)/ retraction (adduction) upward and downwards rotation

Question 49

what is the coinoid tubercule useful for?

Answer 49

ligament attachment

Question 50

is there also a posterior sternoclavicular ligament holding the sternum and clavicle together?

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

where does the coronoid ligament range from?

Answer 51

it ranges from the coronoid tubercule of the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula

Question 52

what is the purpose of the redundant capsule in the GH joint?

Answer 52

the presence of the redundant capsule allows the shoulder to stretch out and give it fluidity and especially elasticity to complete its motions

Question 53

what does the coracohumeral ligament prevent?

Answer 53

- superior dislocation because the head of the humerus is being held from the top.

Question 54

what is the role of the glenohumeral ligaments? | where are they located?

Answer 54

-reinforce the antierior side of the GH joint | only located on the anterior side of the joint

Question 55

what is the scapulohumeral rythmn?

Answer 55

every 2 degree of GH joint, the scapula will move 1 degree along the thorax