Intro to Anat & the MSK system

Question 1

what is the coronal/frontal plane

Answer 1

the body is divided into a front and back section

Question 2

what plane is viewed when the body is sectioned into a left and right part?

Answer 2

sagittal plane

Question 3

how is the body dived in a horizontal plane?

Answer 3

top & bottom half

Question 4

In sagittal plane, what axis of movement is observed?

what trick can you use to remember?

Answer 4

Frontal axis

chest pump

Question 5

in what plane would you view a longitudinal (vertical) axis?

what type of movement would be associated to that?

Answer 5

in the transverse(horizontal) plane

clapping movement

Question 6

In frontal plane, what axis of movement is observed?

what trick can you use to remember?

Answer 6

sagittal axis

raise the roof

Question 7

in terms of anatomical position what does lateral refer to?

Answer 7

away from midline

Question 8

in terms of anatomical position what does cranial (superior) refer to?
what type of view will use this?

Answer 8

upper part of the body

sagittal view

Question 9

in terms of anatomical positions what is the difference between proximal and distal?

Answer 9

a body part that is proximal is a body part closer to the trunk as opposed to a part that is distal which will be farther away.

Question 10

what is an other name used to describe the anterior part of a body?

Answer 10

ventral

Question 11

what is another term used to describe dorsal? what does it refer to?

Answer 11

posterior

refers to the back side

Question 12

what term is used to describe something that happens on the same side?

Answer 12

ipsilateral

Question 13

what term is used to describe something that happens on the different sides?

Answer 13

contralateral

Question 14

what are some functions of the skeletal system

Answer 14

support
storage of minerals
blood cell production
protections
leverage systems

Question 15

what are some main functions of the muscular system?

Answer 15

provide skeletal movement
maintain posture & body position
regulate orafice openings
maintain body temperature.

Question 16

what are some functions of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 16

provides structure, support, protection of vital organs & locomotion of the body.

Question 17

bones, cartilage & ligaments are the components of what system?

Answer 17

skeletal system

Question 18

what composes the muscular system?

Answer 18

muscles
tendons
motor unit

Question 19

what type of bone is a humerus?

what are some of its properties?

Answer 19

long bone

long, slender, tubular

Question 20

what are some properties of short bones?

give an example

Answer 20

short & cuboid

ex: carpal bones

Question 21

where can flat bones be found?

how would you describe them?

Answer 21

in the skull

2 plates of compact bone separated by a spongy bone.

Question 22

what type of bone are vertebrae?

how are the identified?

Answer 22

irregular bones

complex shaped, notched or ridged surfaces.

Question 23

what are sesamoid bones identified by?

Answer 23

Round/Oval

they are developed in tendons.

Question 24

the skeleton is divided into 2 groups?

Answer 24

the axial composed of head and trunk and appendicular skeleton composed of libs, pelvic and thoracic griddle. .

Question 25

what is the name for the site where 2 skeletal elements come together?

Answer 25

joint

Question 26

how many classes of joints exist?

Answer 26

2 | solid and synovial joints

Question 27

what are the properties of solid joints?

Answer 27

the articulation of the bone via fibrous connective tissue or cartilage this type of joint has very slight mobility.

Question 28

solid joints are dived into how many classes and what are they?

Answer 28

fibrous joints | cartilagenous joints

Question 29

what types of joints are found to be fibrous solid joints? and give examples

Answer 29

- suture: between the bones of the skull - gomphosis: between the teeth and adjacent bone - syndesmosis: interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna

Question 30

what types of joints are found to be cartilaginous solid joints? and give examples

Answer 30

synchondrosis: cartilage of growth plate in the femur or cartilage between the rib cage. symphysis: Intervertebral disc

Question 31

what are some properties of synovial joints?

Answer 31

connection between 2 bones separated by a fluid filled articular cavity provides greatest range of motion

Question 32

what are the components of the joint capsule?

Answer 32

1- fibrous membrane (outer most layer) 2- synovial membrane (inner-lining) 3- synovial fluid 4-articular cartilage: hyaline-like cartilage on surface of articulating bones

Question 33

what is the function of synovial fluid in the joint capsule?

Answer 33

it provides lubrification and nutrients to the joint

Question 34

what is the role of articular discs, fat pads, bursa in synovial joints? are they present in all joints?

Answer 34

provide shock-absorption, enhancement of joint stability and strength, reduce friction between structures & cushion. no they are not present in all synovial joints.

Question 35

what may also be present in synovial joints that act as reinforcing structures and provide joint stability?

Answer 35

Ligaments

Question 36

what is the function of tendinous synovial sheaths?

Answer 36

they provide cushion and reduce friction between tendons.

Question 37

what are the 2 uniaxial synovial joints?

Answer 37

Hinge | Pivot

Question 38

explain the action of a hinge synovial joint and give an example.

Answer 38

Allows for flexion and extension. | ex: elbow joint or knee joint

Question 39

explain the action of a pivot synovial joint and give an example.

Answer 39

allows for medial/lateral rotation | ex: proximal & distal radioulnar joints

Question 40

what are the 2 biaxial synovial joints?

Answer 40

Ellipsoid ex: wrist joint | saddle ex: thumb

Question 41

what movements do biaxial synovial joints permit?

Answer 41

flexion/extension abduction/adduction circumduction

Question 42

what type of joint is a ball and socket joint. what movements does it allow give an example.

Answer 42

its a multi axial synovial joint it allows for medial/lateral rotation, flexion/extension, adduction/abduction & circumduction hip joint

Question 43

what type of joint allows for a sliding movement | give an example of such joint

Answer 43

plane (gliding joint) | ex: intercarpal joints

Question 44

what is adduction?

Answer 44

movement towards the midline

Question 45

what is extension?

Answer 45

movement where angle between 2 body parts increases

Question 46

what is circumduction?

Answer 46

a misture of flexion/extension & adduction/abduction

Question 47

movement away from midline?

Answer 47

abduction

Question 48

what type of rotation is external?

Answer 48

lateral rotation

Question 49

what are the specialized cells that compose muscles

Answer 49

myocytes

Question 50

what happens to the myocytes when supplied with a neuronal stimuli?

Answer 50

contract or relax (shorten or extend)

Question 51

joints are structurally supported by what?

Answer 51

ligaments

Question 52

how is movement created?

Answer 52

bones= structural support joints= axes of movement between bones. in order for a muscle to move it along a given axis the muscle fibers must cross the joint.

Question 53

what connects muscles to bones?

Answer 53

tendons

Question 54

what is an isometric contraction?

Answer 54

contraction where the muscle length is left unchanged.

Question 55

what happens during a concentric isotonic contraction?

Answer 55

muscle shortens

Question 56

what happens during a eccentric isotonic contraction?

Answer 56

muscle elongates

Question 57

what acts as the prime mover in muscle contractions?

Answer 57

agonist

Question 58

what is the role of the antagonist in muscle contractions?

Answer 58

it controls, slows and resists the agonist

Question 59

what are the additional muscles that assist in agonist fucntion called?

Answer 59

synergist

Question 60

what is the origin of a muscle?

Answer 60

its the fixed attachment

Question 61

what is the insertion of a muscle?

Answer 61

its the movable attachment

Question 62

identify the following | a sheet or band of though, fibrous tissue that connects 2 bones

Answer 62

ligament

Question 63

identify the following | though, flexible, cord-like fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Answer 63

tendon

Question 64

what is fascia

Answer 64

a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that envelops, separates or binds together structures such as muscles, organs and other soft tissues.