Intro to Thorax

Question 1

Which joint classification are Costovertebral, Costotransverse and sternocostal?

Answer 1

Synovial classification-plane

Question 2

External intercostal

Answer 2

ATTACHMENTS- from rib to rib oriented from superior-lateral to inferior-medial [down and in]

ACTIONS- elevation of ribs

INNERVATION- intercostal nerve (segmental)

Question 3

Internal & innermost intercostal

Answer 3

ATTACHMENTS- from rib to rib oriented superior-medial to inferior-lateral [down and out]

ACTIONS- depression of ribs

INNERVATION- intercostal nerve (segmental)

Question 4

Transversus thoracis

Answer 4

ATTACHMENTS- from posterior sternum to costal cartilages

ACTIONS- depress ribs

INNERVATION- intercostal nerves (segmental)

Question 5

Diaphragm (C3-5)

Answer 5

ATTACHMENTS- from xiphoid process, inner surface of the lower ribs & costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae via the crura to the central tendon

ACTIONS- inspiration (negative thoracic pressure by inferior displacement)

INNERVATION- phrenic nerve

Question 6

Cervical plexus (most nerves derived fro plexus are included in Head and Neck)

Answer 6

Phrenic nerve (C3-5)
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to pericardium & central tendon (& adjacent pleura & peritoneum); motor & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to diaphragm

Question 7

Dorsal primary ramus

Answer 7

1. Medial branch
   function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to back muscles & overlying skin; motor innervation of midline deep back muscles and facet joints
2. Lateral branch
   function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to back muscles & overlying skin; motor innervation of deep and superficial back muscles

Question 8

Intercostal n. (T1-6; aka upper intercostals nerves)

Answer 8

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to intercostal muscles, parietal pleura & skin; motor innervation of intercostal muscles

Question 9

Lateral cutaneous branch of Intercostal

Answer 9

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying lateral aspect of intercostal space

Question 10

Anterior cutaneous branch of intercostal

Answer 10

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying anterior aspect of intercostal space

Question 11

Collateral branch of intercostal

Answer 11

function- redundant with remainder of nerve

Question 12

Intercostobrachial n. (T2 only) of intercostal

Answer 12

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying proximal, medial aspect of arm

Question 13

Thoracoabdominal n. (T7-11) [aka lower intercostal nerves]

Answer 13

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to intercostal muscles, anterior abdominal muscles, peripheral diaphragm, parietal pleura; motor innervation of intercostal muscles and muscles of anterior abdominal wall

Question 14

Lateral cutaneous branch of Thoracoabdominal

Answer 14

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying lateral aspect of intercostal space & adjacent anterior abdominal wall

Question 15

Anterior cutaneous branch of Thoracoabdominal

Answer 15

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying rectus abdominis muscle

Question 16

Collateral branch of Thoracoabdominal

Answer 16

function- redundant with remainder of nerve

Question 17

Subcostal nerve (T12)

Answer 17

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to skin overlying lateral and anterior abdominal wall, muscles of anterior abdominal wall; motor innervation of muscles of anterior abdominal wall

Question 18

What structure serves as a boundary between the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Answer 18

Diaphragm- inferior

Question 19

The 9th rib has indirect cartilaginous attachment to the sternum, making it what type of rib?

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What rib joint is formed between the head of the rib and body of the vertebra?

Answer 20

Costovertebral

Question 21

What bony landmark is formed at the union of the manubrium and body of the sternum?

Answer 21

Sternal Angle

Question 22

What dermatome of the thorax corresponds to skin over the xiphoid process?

Answer 22

T6

Question 23

What rib joint is formed between the costal tubercule and the transverse process?

Answer 23

Costotransverse

Question 24

What rib joint is formed between the sternum and costal cartilage?

Answer 24

Sternocostal

Question 25

What dermatome of the thorax corresponds to include the nipple?

Answer 25

T4

Question 26

What dermatome of the thorax corresponds to include the umbilicus?

Answer 26

T10

Question 27

The 3rd rib has direct cartilagenous attachment to the sternum making it what type of rib?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

The 11th and 12th rib have no attachment to the sternum, making it which type of rib?

Answer 28

Floating

Question 29

What are the boundaries and general contents of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 29

Posterior: spine Anterior: sternum Inferior: diaphragm Superior: superior thoracic aperature contains primary organs of respiratory and cardiovascular systems

Question 30

What are the compartments of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 30

- right pleural cavity - inferior mediastinum - left pleural cavity - superior mediastinum - diaphargm

Question 31

What are the component and functions of the thoracic wall?

Answer 31

Components: skin, subcutaneous tissue, ribs, intercostal muscles functions: protection, respiration, muscle attachment

Question 32

Describe the 3 different types of ribs

Answer 32

True: 1-7, direct cartilagenous attachment to sternum False: 8-10, connect to sternum indirectly Floating- 11 and 12, no attachment to sternum

Question 33

Describe the thoracic wall innervation

Answer 33

T1-T6: upper intercostal T7-T11: lower intercostal T12: subcostal

Question 34

What are the contents of the breast?

Answer 34

Lobes of mammary glands, fibrous tissue, fatty matrix, blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

Question 35

1. The intercostal nerves, arteries and veins are positioned _____ to the internal intercostal muscles

Answer 35

deep

Question 36

2. The intercostal veins, arteries, and nerves are all positioned directly ____ to the ribs.

Answer 36

inferior

Question 37

1. The internal thoracic artery is positioned ____ to the first six costal cartilages.

Answer 37

posterior (deep)

Question 38

1. The left phrenic nerve passes _____ to the root of the left lung

Answer 38

anterior

Question 39

2. The left phrenic nerve is positioned _____ to the pericardial sac.

Answer 39

lateral

Question 40

3. The left phrenic nerve passes ____ to the ascending aorta.

Answer 40

lateral

Question 41

4. The right phrenic nerve is positioned _____ to the superior vena cava.

Answer 41

lateral

Question 42

5. The right phrenic nerve is positioned _____ to the pericardial sac.

Answer 42

lateral

Question 43

6. The right phrenic nerve passes _____ to the root of the right lung.

Answer 43

anterior

Question 44

7. The azygos vein (arch) passes ______ to the right main bronchus

Answer 44

superior

Question 45

Where is the scalene tubercle and what attaches to it?

Answer 45

On the 1st rib. Anterior scalene muscle attaches from it to 1st rib.

Question 46

The 1st rib contains grooves for the ___________.

Answer 46

subclavian artery and vein.

Question 47

Where is the jugular notch located?

Answer 47

superior aspect of manubrium.

Question 48

Where are the clavicular notches and what are their functions?

Answer 48

On the superior aspect of manubrium, on either side of the jugular notch. Function- articulates manubrium to clavicle.

Question 49

how many costal notches are on the manubrium and for which ribs?

Answer 49

1 and first rib.