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Clinical Anatomy 2021 > Spinal Cord and Deep back > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Deep back Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the Intervertebral symphysis?

A

symphysis

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2
Q

What kind of joint is the Facet (zygapophysial joints)?

A

plane

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3
Q

What kind of joint is the Costovertebral?

A

gliding

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4
Q

What kind of joint is the Costotransverse?

A

gliding

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5
Q

What kind of joint is the Atlanto-occipital?

A

ellipsoidal

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6
Q

What kind of joint is the Median atlanto-axial?

A

pivot

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7
Q

What kind of joint is the Lateral atlanto-axial?

A

plane or gliding

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8
Q

What kind of joint is the Uncovertebral?

A

plane or gliding

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9
Q

What kind of joint is the Zygapophysial (facet) in the neck?

A

plane or gliding

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10
Q

Anterior longitudinal (blends into the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane) ligament

A

ATTACHMENTS- to anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

FUNCTION- stabilizes vertebral column and prevents hyperextension

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11
Q

Posterior longitudinal (becomes the tectorial membrane) ligament

A

ATTACHMENTS- to posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

FUNCTION- prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column

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12
Q

Ligamentum flavum ligament

A

attachments- interconnect adjacent laminae; resist terminal flexion between vertebrae

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13
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

attachments- to apices of spinous processes C7 to sacrum

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14
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

attachments- interconnect adjacent spinous processes

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15
Q

Intertransverse ligament

A

Attachments- interconnect adjacent transverse processes

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16
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

ATTACHMENTS- from C7 spinous process to external occipital protuberance with slips to intervening spinous processes

FUNCTION- attachment for cervical muscles

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17
Q

Transverse (cruciate) of atlas

A

ATTACHMENTS- from lateral mass to lateral mass of atlas

FUNCTION- maintains integrity of articulation between dens and anterior arch of the atlas

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18
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the posterior surface of axial body to anterior margin of the foramen magnum

FUNCTION- supports atlanto-occipital & atlanto-axial joints

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19
Q

Alar ligament

A

ATTACHMENTS- from dens to medial aspect of the occipital condyles

FUNCTION- limits rotation of the median atlanto-axial joint

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20
Q

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

A

ATTACHMENTS- from anterior arch of the atlas to the adjacent occipital bone

FUNCTION- supports atlanto-occipital joints & helps to limit extension of the head

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21
Q

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

A

ATTACHMENTS- from posterior arch of the atlas to the adjacent occipital bone

FUNCTION- supports atlanto-occipital joints

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22
Q

Erector spinae

A

ATTACHMENTS- from TLF to the sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes L5-T11
supraspinous lig., angles of ribs to costal angles (iliocostalis), ribs & transverse processes (longissimus), and spinous processes (spinalis)

  1. Spinalis: thoracis, cervicis, capitis (represented as semispinalis capitis)
  2. Longissimus: capitis, cervicis, thoracis
  3. Iliocostalis: cervicis, thoracis, lumborum

ACTIONS- extension & lateral flexion of the vertebral column

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23
Q

Semispinalis

A

ATTACHMENTS- from transverse processes to distant superior spinous processes
1. Semispinalis: capitis, cervicis, thoracis

ACTIONS- extension & contralateral rotation of the vertebral column

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24
Q

Multifidus

A

ATTACHMENTS- from sacrum, posterior SI ligament, posterior iliac spine, transverse processes to more superior spinous processes
multifidus: sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical

ACTIONS- extension & contralateral rotation of the vertebral column

25
Rotatores longus and brevis
ATTACHMENTS: transverse to spinous process of vertebra above (1-2 levels) ACTIONS: extension & contralateral rotation of the vertebral column
26
Interspinales
ATTACHMENTS: between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae cervical (6), thoracic (2-3), lumbar (4) ACTION: extension of spine
27
Intertransversarii
ATTACHMENTS: between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae ACTION: lateral flexion of spine
28
Splenius cervicis
ATTACHMENTS: from spinous processes of T3-T6 to posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first 3 cervical vertebrae ACTIONS: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
29
Splenius capitis
ATTACHMENTS: from ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes T4-C7 and mastoid process ACTIONS: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation INNERVATION: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
30
Longus colli
ATTACHMENTS: from anterior tubercles and bodies T3-C3 to anterior tubercles and bodies C6-C1 ACTIONS: flexion, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation INNERVATION: ventral rami of spinal nerves (C2-7)
31
Longus capitis
ATTACHMENTS: from anterior tubercles C3-C6 to basilar portion occipital bone ACTIONS: flexion, ipsilateral rotation INNERVATION: ventral rami of spinal nerves (C1-3)
32
1. The ligamenta flava are ____ to the spinal cord
posterior
33
2. The dura mater is _____ to the spinal cord
superficial
34
3. The arachnoid mater is _____ to the spinal cord and deep to the dura mater
superficial
35
4. The conus medullaris is at the ____ end of the spinal cord
inferior
36
5. The filum terminale internum is ____ within the cauda equina
central
37
6. The denticulate ligament is _____ the anterior and posterior roots
between
38
Name the structural components of vertebrae
- Vertebral body - superior articular process - transverse process - spinous process - inferior articular process - vertebral arch(pedicle and lamina) - vertebral foramina - superior/inferior notches
39
What is the function of the spinous process and transverse process?
muscle attachments and movement
40
what is the function of articular processes?
restriction of movement
41
what is the function of vertebral arches?
protection of spinal cord
42
what is the function of vertebral bodies?
support of body weight
43
Discuss the changes in vertebrae with advancing age
- there is a decrease in bone density - that leads to the articular surfaces bowing inward - compression at periphery - osteophytes form in response - force distribution shifted to periphery and more compression
44
What is Kyphosis?
anterior flexion of the vertebral column | thoracic and sacral
45
what is lordosis?
posterior extension of the vertebral column | cervical and lumbar
46
Summarize the development of spinal curvatures
- all born with primary curvatures: thoracic and sacral - kyphosis are there at birth - as we develop, secondary curvatures appear: cervical and lumbar - tied to developmental milestones - cervical lordosis comes on board when infant begins to stabilize and support head - lumbar when toddler begins walking
47
What is excessive kyphosis?
Usually at the thoracic spine | -osteoporosis and several compression fractures in the spine can lead to this
48
What is excessive lordosis?
usually at the lumbar spine | -pregnant and athletes with tight hip flexors
49
What is scoliosis?
lateral deviation of the vertebral column
50
Describe the posterolateral herniation
- nucleus pulposes pokes out of annulus fibrosis - fibrosus breaks down and extension of nucleus pulposus out of the anulus fibrosus=herniated disc - most common for nucleus pulposus to extrude in posterolateral direction - disc herniation impacts spinal nerves - spinal nerve out lower level gets the consequences of the pressure from the herniation
51
List the six primary movements of the spine and discuss how the amount of motion differs between regions of the spine.
- Extension, flexion, lateral flexion/extension, rotation of head and neck, rotation of upper trunk - flexion and extension: most at cervical spine and least at thoracic - axial rotation: a lot at cervical, hardly any at lumbar - lateral flexion: cervical spine very mobile - zygapophysial joint: position of articular processes will govern movement
52
Describe zygapopphysial joint orientation
-Cervical 45: all movements sup articular process= post sup inf articular process= ant inf -thoracic 60: not a lot of movements sup artic process= posterior inf artic process= anterior articulations knock into eachother and restrict movement -lumbar 90: flexion and extension no rotation bc facets would knock into eachother medial/lateral
53
What are the superficial extrinsic back muscles?
trapezius lats levator scap rhomboids
54
What are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?
serratus posterior inferior and superior intercostal nerves
55
What are the intrinsic superficial back muscles?
splenius capitis splenius cervicis dorsal rami of spinal nerves
56
What are the intermediate intrinsic back muscles?
erector spinae spinalis: thoracis, cervicis, [semi] capitis longissimus: capitis, cervicis, thoracis iliocostalis; cervicis, thoracis, lumborum lateral branch or dorsal rami of spinal nerves
57
what are the deep intrinsic back muscles?
transversospinales: - semispinalis; capitis, thoracis, cervicis - multifidus - rotatores: longus and brevis - interspinales - intertransversarii dorsal rami of spinal nerves
58
Serratus Posterior superior
ATTACHMENTS: from spinous process of C7-T3 to inferior borders of ribs 2-5 ACTIONS: proprioception of thoracic wall INNVERATION: intercostal nerves T1-4
59
Serratus Posterior inferior
ATTACHMENTS: spinous process of T11-L2 to inferior borders of ribs 9-12 ACTIONS: proprioception of thoracic wall INNERVATION: intercostal nerves T9-12

Clinical Anatomy 2021 (11 decks)

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