Intro to Transplantation Flashcards
What is meant by transplantation?
Act of transferring cells, tissue or organs from one site to another.
What was the first successful transplant and when?
- Joseph Murray kidney transplant from identical twin living donor.
When were immunosupressive dugs introduced?
1960s
When was the first human heart transplant and who performed it?
- Dr Christian Barnard. Successful.
What are the 4 types of transplant?
Autograft. Isograft. Allograft. Xenograft.
What is an Autograft?
Tissue is derived from the same person and can be transplanted back to same place or another site. E.g. Vein from leg for heart bypass. Collection and re-infusion of stem cells.
What is an Isograft?
Transplant between genetically identical (twins)
What is an Allograft?
Transplant between genetically non-identical BUT same species e.g. kidney, heart, pancreas, Islet, Stem cell, Skin, Tendon, Lung, Liver, Bowel.
What is a Xenograft?
Tissue transferred from one species to another. E.g. Heart valves.
What limits whole organ xenografting?
Potential for hyperacute rejection
What is meant by Immunological Privileged Site?
Sites where grafts aren’t rejected
What is an example of an Immunological privileged site?
Cornea. Eye, Brain, Testis, Uterus (fetus). No HLA assessment required or immunosuppressive drugs.
Why are corneas never rejected?
Lack of blood vessels/vascular supply. Anterior chamber of eye is naturally immunosupressive.
