Xenografting and DCD

Question 1

When was the first successful porcine heart transplant?

Answer 1

January 2022

Question 2

What about the pig heart made it aimed at avoiding acute rejection?

Answer 2

It was a genetically engineered pig.

Question 3

How long did the recipient live post-transplant?

Answer 3

2 Months

Question 4

What does concordant mean in terms of xeno-transplant?

Answer 4

Closely related

Question 5

Which species are concordant to human xenografting?

Answer 5

Primate (mammals), Monkey, Pig (partly).

Question 6

Which species have no xenograft advantages?

Answer 6

Cow, Horse, Sheep

Question 7

What are advantages of pig transplant?

Answer 7

Partly concordant and are size-compatible.

Question 8

What are disadvantages of pig for xenograft?

Answer 8

Must be genetically engineered

Question 9

What are disadvantages of Cow/Horse/Sheep for xenograft?

Answer 9

Large size and disconcordant.

Question 10

What are disadvantages of Dog for xenograft?

Answer 10

Disconcordant and ethics

Question 11

What are disadvantages of Monkey for xenograft?

Answer 11

Small size and Retrovirus

Question 12

What are disadvantages of primate for xenograft?

Answer 12

Scare, Endangered, Ethics and Retrovirus

Question 13

What MUST be performed to prevent xenograft rejection?

Answer 13

Genetic Modification

Question 14

What are 2 key genetic modifications to date?

Answer 14

Knock out of porcine carbohydrate genes (GAL). Induced expression of human complement and coagulation regulatory molecules.

Question 15

What are the two types of DCD?

Answer 15

Controlled and Uncontrolled

Question 16

What is a controlled DCD?

Answer 16

Takes place after death and is a planned withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments.

Question 17

What is an uncontrolled DCD?

Answer 17

Organ retrieval after a cardiac arrest that is unexpected and patient CANNOT or SHOULD NOT be resuscitated. (A&E)

Question 18

What % of UK organs are DCD?

Answer 18

40%