intro to urinalysis

Question 0

what is the kidney glucose threshold

Answer 0

160mg/dL

Question 1

possible cause of glucose in urine

Answer 1

tubular dysfunction

glucose overflow

Question 2

protein in urine is called

Answer 2

proteinuria

Question 3

how does the kidney help in BP regulation

Answer 3

renin angiotensis system

Question 4

organs involved in RAS

Answer 4

kidney

lungs

Question 5

criteria for good substance for clearance test

Answer 5

freely passes glomerulus

neither abosorbed nor secreted bu the tubules

Question 6

formula for clearance

Answer 6

conc of subs in urine over conc of subs in plasma times 1.73

expressed in milliliters per minute

Question 7

urine sample used for clearance test

Answer 7

24-hour urine

Question 8

what are the bodily fluids aside from urine, tears, saliva

Answer 8

CSF
synovial
seminal
amniotic
serous
gastric
sputum
sweat
feces

Question 9

which fluid is used to diagnose meningitis

Answer 9

CSF

Question 10

which fluid is used to diagnose arthritis

Answer 10

synovial

Question 11

which fluid is used to diagnose inborne diseases

Answer 11

which fluid is used to diagnose

Question 12

when are inborn diseases usually checked

Answer 12

1st and 3rd trimester

Question 13

which fluid is used to rule out malignancies

Answer 13

serous fluid

Question 14

which fluid is used to diagnose ulcer, etc

Answer 14

gastric

Question 15

which fluid is used to diagnose cystic fibrosis

Answer 15

sweat

Question 16

which is an early sign of colon cancer

Answer 16

FOBT (fecal occult blood test)

Question 17

CSF is used to diagnose

Answer 17

meningitis

Question 18

synovial fluid is used to diagnose

Answer 18

arthritis

Question 19

seminal fluid is used for

Answer 19

fertility test

medicolegal purposes

Question 20

amniotic fluid is used to diagnose

Answer 20

inborn diseases

Question 21

sputum is used to diagnose

Answer 21

TB

Question 22

which fluid is used to diagnose TB

Answer 22

sputum

Question 23

sweat is used to diagnose

Answer 23

cystic fibrosis

Question 24

this is the waste product from blood filtration by kidney

Answer 24

urine

Question 25

major organ of urine formation

Answer 25

kidney

Question 26

location of kidney

Answer 26

retroperitoneal space

Question 27

basic units of the kidney

Answer 27

nephron

Question 28

number of nephrons per kidney

Answer 28

1-1.5 million

Question 29

percent of blood that enters the kidney per minute

Answer 29

20%

Question 30

the type of arteriole where blood enters the kidney

Answer 30

afferent arteriole

Question 31

the type of arteriol where blood exits the kidney

Answer 31

efferent arteriole

Question 32

amount of blood in kidney after filtration

Answer 32

1200mL -> 120mL

Question 33

arteries in kidney

Answer 33

renal arteries

Question 34

other function of kidney aside from filtration

Answer 34

acid base regulation plasma and electrolytes regulation EPO production BP regulation

Question 35

what stimulates the kidney to produce EPO

Answer 35

hypoxia

Question 36

PCT stands for

Answer 36

proximal convoluted tubules

Question 37

the site of active reabsorption of threshold substances

Answer 37

PCT proximal convoluted tubules

Question 38

DLH stands for

Answer 38

descending limb of Henle

Question 39

site of active reabsorption of water and electrolytes

Answer 39

DLH descending limb of Henle

Question 40

site of urine concentration

Answer 40

DLH descending limb of Henle

Question 41

why is urine concentrated in the DLH

Answer 41

water is reabsorbed, making it more concentrated

Question 42

what is reabsorbed in the PCT

Answer 42

threshold substances

Question 43

what is reabsorbed in the DLH

Answer 43

water and electrolytes

Question 44

the site where there is no water reabsorption

Answer 44

ALH ascending limb of Henle

Question 45

why is there no water reabsorption in the ALH

Answer 45

it is impermeable to water

Question 46

it is the usual site of urine crystal and casts formation

Answer 46

ALH ascending limb of Henle

Question 47

ALH stands for

Answer 47

ascending limb of Henle

Question 48

example of a diuretic

Answer 48

thiazide osmotic k-sparing

Question 49

hormones in kidney

Answer 49

parathryroid hormone | aldosterone

Question 50

DCT stands for

Answer 50

distal convoluted tubules

Question 51

site of secretion of ammonia etc

Answer 51

DCT distal convoluted tubules

Question 52

site where reabsorption is continued

Answer 52

DCT distal convoluted tubules

Question 53

processes in urine formation

Answer 53

glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion

Question 54

importance of urinalysis

Answer 54

``` diseases or infection diagnosis metabolic disorder diagnosis not related to kidney to monitor course of treatment pregnancy test drug abuse checking ```

Question 55

function of KFT

Answer 55

glomerular and tubular competency

Question 56

this test is for filtering capacity if golmerulus

Answer 56

creatinine clearance