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AP Psych > Intro Unit Vocab > Flashcards

Intro Unit Vocab Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

Nature versus Nurture debate

A

Biology- Bio Parents
Environment- People, Education

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2
Q

Psychiatrist

A

A medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness

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3
Q

Perspectives of Psychology

A

Biologic, Behavioral, Cognitive, Humanistic, Psycho-dynamic, sociocultural, Evolutionary

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4
Q

Psychodynamic (perspective)

A

(Controversial) unconscious mind and fears {early childhood}

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5
Q

Behavioroal (perspective)

A

Conditioning and reinforcement or Punishment

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6
Q

Cognitive (perspective)

A

Thought process

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7
Q

Humanistic (perspective)

A

Glass half full. We make our own choices. Self-actualization and esteem

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8
Q

Biological (perspective)

A

Genetics and anatomy

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9
Q

Sociocultural (perspective)

A

Cultural norms and environment

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10
Q

Evolutionary (perspective)

A

Survival - interpreting threats

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11
Q

Ecletic (perspective)

A

Customized treatment to each person’s needs

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12
Q

Biopsychosocial (perspective)

A

Incorporating multiple views to create a modern view

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13
Q

Experimental Design

A

Experimental vs Non-Experimental

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14
Q

Correlation

A

Strength of a relationship (NOT cause and Effect)

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15
Q

Case Study

A

Clinical, in-depth in 1 person or small group

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16
Q

Meta-analysis

A

Compile already done research

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17
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

No intervention, only observation

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18
Q

Hypothesis

A

A falsifiable, educated guess

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19
Q

Falsifiable

A

Can be proven wrong

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20
Q

Operational Definitions

A

What/How, Define the dependent variable

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21
Q

Independent Variable

A

Manipulated

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22
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Measured (alters depending on the independent variable)

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23
Q

Confounding variable

A

Accidentally manipulated data, interference

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24
Q

Population

A

A group that shares a common characteristic

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25
Sample
Group of tested individuals representing an entire population
26
Randing Sampling
One group gets divided (reduces confounding variable)
27
Convenience sampling
Not representing an entire population (chosen because of availability and not generalizability)
28
Sampling bias
Using a non-diverse or bias sample
29
Generalizability
The extent to which findings can be applied
30
Experimental groups
Recieve treatment
31
Control groups
No treatment
32
Random Assignment
One group gets divided (Reduces confounding variable)
33
Placebo
What does a control group receives Ex. Sugar pill
34
Placebo effect
The control group thinks they are experiencing changes (psychological)
35
Confederates
A person who pretends to be a participant but isn't
36
Single-blind study
Subjects do not know which group they're in but the researchers do
37
Double-blind study
Subjects and researchers do not know what the experiment is/ which group is the control and which isn't
38
Experimenter bias
The experimenter's theory persuades them to only look at results that support their hypothesis
39
Social Desirability bias
People don't want to look bad so they answer with something socially desirable or accepted
40
Qualitative research
Personal accounts, interviews, surveys, documents
41
Structured interviews
predetermined questions to asses behavior
42
Survey methods
Asking people questions to collect data
43
Quantitative measures
Numerical or measured data
44
Likert scale
1-5
45
Peer review of scientific research
Multiple researchers look over the findings
46
Replication of Scientific research
Research can be replicated and still find the same result
47
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
Provide guidelines for Psych experiments
48
Informed Consent
Participants know they are in an experiment and consent
49
Confidentiality
No one can reveal the true identity of applicants
50
Debriefing
Participants must be informed about the study after it is over, especially when deception is involved
51
Frequency Distribution
How often do different scores appear
52
Pie Chart
Represent a portion of the data
53
Histogram
Distribution of variables
54
Polygon
Frequency of different values
55
Measures of central tendency
Quantitative data (averages)
56
Mean
Arithmetic average (watch for outliers)
57
Median
Middle data
58
Mode
most common data
59
Range
range of data
60
Normal Bell curve
Distribution of results
61
Skewed Distribution
Not centered (Positive or Negative)
62
63
Hypothesis
A falsifiable, educated guess
64
Falsifiable
Can be proven wrong
65
Operational definitions
What/How, define the dependent variable
66
Independent variable
Manipulated
67
Dependent variable
measured (changes with the independent variable)
68
Confounding variable
Accidentally manipulated data
69
Population
A group that shares a common characteristic
70
Sample
Group of tested individuals representing an entire population
71
Randing Sampling
One group gets divided (reduces confounding variable)
72
Convenience Sampling
Sampling done on people based on availability not generalizability
73
Sampling bias
Using a non-diverse or bias sample
74
Generalizability
The extent to which findings can be applied
75
Experimental groups
Receives treatment
76
Control groups
No treatment
77
Random Assignment
one group gets divided (reduces confounding variable)
78
Placebo
Given to control group Ex. Sugar pill
79
Placebo Effect
Control group thinks they are receiving treatment so their results change (psychological)
80
Confederates
A person who pretends to be a participant but isn't
81
Single-blind study
Subjects do not know which group they're in
82
Double-blind study
Both subjects and researchers do not know what the study is about/ which group is which
83
Experimenter bias
Their theory persuades them to only look at certain results or experiments
84
Social Desirability bias
People answer questions based on what is socially acceptable instead of what is factual (can be lessened by confidentiality)
85
Qualitative research
Personal accounts, interviews, surveys, documents
86
Structured research
predetermined questions to asses behavior
87
Quantitative measures
Numerical or measured data
88
Likert scale
1-5
89
Peer review of scientific research
Multiple researchers look over the findings
90
Replication of scientific research
Research must be falsifiable and replicated
91
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
Provides guidelines for psych experiments
92
Informed consent
Participants know they are in an experiment and consent
93
Debriefing
Researchers communicate with experiment participants after the experiment has concluded, especially important if deception was involved
94
Frequency distribution
how often different scores appear
95
Measures of central tendency
quantitative data
96
Mean
Arithmetic average (watch for outliers)
97
MEdian
Middle data
98
Mode
Most common data
99
Range
Range of data
100
Normal bell curve
An average mean and median are all the same number with the same amount and consistency out outliers on each side
101
Skewed distribution
Not centered (either positive or negative)
102
Negative Distribution
Left of normal bell
103
Positive Distribution
Right of normal bell
104
Standard deviation
The between values (z)
105
Percentile Rank
How common a score is in distribution
106
Regression toward the mean
Enough data will eventually even out to the mean and create a normal bell curve
107
Scatterplot
Graph that shows correlation
108
Correlation Coefficient
Strength of two variables linear relationship
109
Statistical significance
Generalized, can be applied to the population

AP Psych (3 decks)

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