Introduction

Question 1

It is the preparation of tissue for microscopic examination

Answer 1

Histotechnology

Question 2

This is the preparation of diagnostic material that is to be evaluated by a pathologist or clinician.

Answer 2

Histotechnology

Question 3

T or F
Histotechnology is a series of processes

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the ultimate aim of histotechnology?

Answer 4

To make tissue visible as it is

Question 5

Who discovered the cell in 1665?

Answer 5

Robert Hooke

Question 6

Who defined the cell in 1861?

Answer 6

Max Schultze

Question 7

What is the definition of the cell according to Max Schultze?

Answer 7

Cell is a small mass of nucleated protoplasm

Question 8

Who examined the red blood cells of the salmon?

Answer 8

Leewenhoek in 1700

Question 9

A Czech biologist that described the nuclear membrane.

Answer 9

Jan Evangelista Purkinje

Question 10

Who introduced the term nucleus after examination of epidermal cells of some orchids and some Asclepiadaceae

Answer 10

Robert Brown

Question 11

He introduce the term protoplasm

Answer 11

Jan Evangelista Purkinje

Question 12

Cell theory by Matthias Schleiden

Answer 12

Plant tissues are composed of cells and an embryonic plant arose from a single cell

Question 13

Cell Theory by Theodore Schwann

Answer 13

plants and animals were composed of cells

Question 14

Rudolph Virchow Cell Theory Contribution

Answer 14

Cells came from pre-existing cells

Question 15

French pathologist that discovered 21 texture types of tissues.

Answer 15

Marie Francois Bichat

Question 16

Father of Modern Histology

Answer 16

Marie Francois Bichat

Question 17

The first histologist, an Italian anatomist, is considered the true “Father of Histology”

Answer 17

Marcello Malpighi

Question 18

What did Marcello Malpighi discover?

Answer 18

Microscopic Examination of Structures
Capillaries

Question 19

What is the definition of a tissue?

Answer 19

Tissue is each of the elementary multicellular components, microscopically and functionally distinct, that constitutes either animals or plants where they associate to form organs and systems.

Question 20

Why study histology?

Answer 20

To be able o identify abnormal tissues from normal tissues. For Diagnostic Purposes

Question 21

Histology should illuminate other disciplines, state atleast three

Answer 21

Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry

Question 22

The three tasks of Microscopy

Answer 22

1. Produce a magnified image
2. Separate the details in the image
3. Render the details visible to the human eye or camera.

Question 23

T or F
Microscopes increase resolution

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The distance between the front end of a microscope objective and the. surface of the workpiece at which the sharpest focusing is obtained.

Answer 24

Working Distance

Question 25

T or F Specimens must be made to CONTRASTsharply with their medium.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

How is contrast attained?

Answer 26

By changing the refractive index of the specimen from their medium by staining them.

Question 27

This is the measure of the light-bending ability of a medium

Answer 27

Refractive index

Question 28

These focus light rays at a specific place called the focal point

Answer 28

Lenses

Question 29

This is the distance between the center of the lens and the focal point

Answer 29

Focal Length

Question 30

The strength of the lens is related to focal length, which means?

Answer 30

Shorter focal length means more magnification

Question 31

A microscope that gives a three-dimensional view of an object and is commonly used for dissections

Answer 31

Stereoscopic Microscope

Question 32

Types of Light Microscopes

Answer 32

BDPDFCTS

Question 33

Produces a dark image against a brighter background, has several objective lenses, and is used to view stained organisms.

Answer 33

Bright Field Microscopes

Question 34

Produces a bright image of an object against a dark background. It uses a ________ that contains an ___________ that blocks light from entering the objectives. It is used to observe ________, __________ preparations.

Answer 34

Dark Field Microscope Darkfield condenser; opaque disk living

Question 35

Produces high-contrast images of transparent specimen. It utilizes the __________ to convert phase differences into alterations in brightness Specimen is illuminated by light passing through an __________ Used to observe intact, living and unstained cells Living cells can be examined.

Answer 35

Phase-Contrast Microscope Phase Plate Annular Diaphragm

Question 36

It creates an image by detecting the differences in refractive indices and thickness of different specimen parts. Uses _______ beams of light instead of one With _______ that split each light beam adding contrasting color to the specimen, thus higher resolution than phase-contrast Image is brightly colored and appears _____ An excellent way to observe living cells

Answer 36

Differential Interference Contrast Microscope Two prism 3D

Question 37

Exposes specimen to ultraviolet, violet, or blue light. The phenomenon of ___________ with the use of _________ Principal use is a diagnostic technique called _____________; which can detect pathogens even within cells, tissues, or clinical specimens; specially useful in diagnosing syphillis and rabies.

Answer 37

Fluorescence Microscope Fluorescence; Fluorochromes Fluorescent-antibody technique

Question 38

It is a scanning laser microscope. It uses ________ to illuminate spots on the specimen. It is stained with__________ so they emit or return light Used on specimens that are too ________ for a light microscope.

Answer 38

Confocal Microscopy Laser beam Fluorochromes Thick

Question 39

Allows the visualization of living tissue at depths unachievable with conventional (one-photon) fluorescence or confocal microscopy Uses _____________ or red light, thus two photons instead of one are needed to excite the fluorochrome to emit light. Can image cells in detail only to a depth of less than 100Micrometer Advantage: _________________________________________________________________________

Answer 39

Two-Photon Microscopy Long Wavelength It can track the activity of cells in real time

Question 40

It consists of interpreting the action of a sound wave sent through a specimen. Used to study ________________________________ such as cancer cells, artery plaque, and bacterial biofilms that foul equipment.

Answer 40

Scanning Acoustic Microscopy living cells attached to another surface

Question 41

It is used to magnify thin sections of a specimen used to image?

Answer 41

Transmission Electron Microscope Interior or cells Structure of protein molecules Organization of molecules in viruses and cytoskeletal filaments Arrangement of protein molecules in cell membranes

Question 42

Produces ______________ of specimen's surface features Used in studying the surface structures of intact cells and viruses It can also be used for particle counting and size determination, and for process control

Answer 42

Scanning Electron Microscope 3-dimensional image; surface features

Question 43

Difference of Optical microscope and Electron Microscope bases on Light source, preparation of specimen, lense material, and formed image

Answer 43

UV Light; Beam of very fast moving Electrons Specimen as it is, Specimen is specially prepared and held inside a vacuum chamber Lens is made of Glass; Lenses are replaced by a series of coil-shaped electromagnets Image seen through eyepiece; Image formed as a micrograph

Question 44

Used to map atomic and molecular shapes to characterize magnetic and chemical properties Used to determine temperature variations inside cells.

Answer 44

Scanning Probe Microscope Atomic; Molecular

Question 45

A non-optical microscope works by scanning an electrical probe tip over the surface of a sample at constant pacing. _________ scans a specimen and produces an image revealing bumps and depressions of atoms on the surface of the specimen. Used to provide detailed views of molecules such as DNA.

Answer 45

Scanning tunneling microscopy Thin metal probe

Question 46

A very high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy with demonstrated resolution in the order of fractions of a __________, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.

Answer 46

Atomic Force Microscopy