Staining

Question 1

Two reasons why hematoxylin is the most valuable staining

Answer 1

1. It has a powerful nuclear and chromation staining capacity,
2. striking polychrome property.

Question 2

It is a substance derived by extraction from the heartwood of a mexican tree,
2. known as?

Answer 2

Hematoxylin

Hematoxylin campechianum

Question 3

Active coloring agent caused by the oxidation of hematoxylin

Answer 3

Hematin

Question 4

Type of dye that is produced naturally

Answer 4

Natural dyes

Question 5

Type of dye known as Coal tar dyes; These are acid dyes that have a sodium base component

Answer 5

Synthetic dyes

Question 6

Synthetic dyes are collectively known as?

Answer 6

aniline dyes

Question 7

What are the three classification of synthetic dyes?

(Clue:Base on pH)

Answer 7

1. Acid
2. Basic
3. Neutral

Question 8

Give an example for Acid dyes and state its importance:

Answer 8

Picric Acid:
- only substance that can fix, differentiate, and stain tissue all by itself.
- Can be used as Fixative, Calcifying agent, and Tissue Softener.

Eosin:
- most valuable for tissue and cytoplasm.
- counterstain for hematoxylene

Question 9

State the reason why Eosin is commonly used as background for contrasting stains:

Answer 9

It gives a pleasing and colorful contrast to nuclear stains.

Question 10

Eosin has two shades; which one is commonly used?

Answer 10

Yellowish eosin

Question 11

Basic dyes are taken from? Give one example:

Answer 11

They are acid radicals from sulfuric, acetic, or hydrochloric acid.

Methylene blue

Question 12

Methylene blue is used as?

Answer 12

Both indicator and dye:

Question 13

These are dyes that are capable of staining the cytoplasm and the nucleus simultaneously and differentially.

Answer 13

Neutral dyes

Question 14

Neutral dyes are capable of staining the cytoplasm and nucleus _______ and ________

Answer 14

differentially and simultaneously

Question 15

Example of Neutral dyes

Answer 15

Giemsa and Leishman stain

Question 16

Fixation via mercuric chloride and formaldehyde prefer what type of dyes?

Chromium and picric fixed tissues prefer?

ethyl alcohol or acetic acid fixed tissues can take in?

Answer 16

basic

acidic

both acidic and basic

Question 17

What are the three major groups of tissue staing?

Answer 17

Histological
Histochemical
Immunohistochemical

Question 18

It is a major group of tissue staining whereby tissue constituents are demonstrated in sections by direct interaction with a dye, producing coloration of the active tissue components.
It involves in the direct coloration of the tissue

Answer 18

Histological Staining

Question 19

a Major group of tissue staining; whereby various constituents of tissues are studied through chemical reactions that will permit microscopic localization of specific tissue substance.
It is more on chemical reactions

Answer 19

Histochemical staining

Question 20

This major group of tissue staining allow phenotypic markers to be detected and demonstrated under the microscope, using wide range of polydonal or monodonal flourescent labeled or enzy,e labeled antibodies.
It involves enzymes

Answer 20

Immunohistochemical Staining

Question 21

What are the eleven Staining techniques?
DIPRM
CMCN
MVIS

Answer 21

Direct
Indirect
Progressive Staining
Regressive Staining (differentiation)
Metachromatic Staining

Counterstaining
Microanatomical Staining (Cytoplasmic and Negative)

Metallic Impregnation
Vital Staining
Intravital Staining
Supravital Staining

Question 22

Process of giving color to tissues using either aqueus or alcoholic dye solutions.

Examples are?

Answer 22

Direct Staining

Eosin and methylene blue

Question 23

Wherein the process or the action of the dye is intensified by another coloring agent called a ______.

Purpose of mordant?

Answer 23

Indirect staining

mordant

serves as a link between the tissue and the dye.

Question 24

The tissue elements are stained in a definite sequence, In order to achieve different coloration at the end of the corrrect time. (Note: Do not wash the tissue once the tissue taken up the dye)

Answer 24

Progressive Staining

Question 25

The tissue is first overstained. to obliterate the cellular details. And remove or decolorize the excess stain until the desired intensity of color is obtained.

Answer 25

Regressive Staining

Question 26

It entails the use of a specific dye which differentiates a particular substance by staining them with a color that is different from that of the stain itself. USed for cartilage and connective tissue

Answer 26

Metachromatic Staining

Question 27

Purpose of this staining technique is to provide a background or a contrast of the structural components to be demonstrated.

Answer 27

Counterstaining

Question 28

This is used to demonstrate the general relationships of tissues and cells with general differentiation of nucleus and cytoplasm. What are its two types?

Answer 28

Microanatomical staining Cytoplasmic (emphasize cytoplasm) and Negative (emphasize background)

Question 29

This is not absorbed by the tissue but is held physically on the surface as a precipitate. The most valuable metals are the ______ and ______

Answer 29

Metallic impregnation gold chloride and silver nitrate

Question 30

The selective staining of living cell constituents, demonstrating cytoplasmic structures by phagocytosis of the dye particle.

Answer 30

Vital Staining

Question 31

Done by injecting the dye into any part of the animal. This is to produce a specific coloration of cells particularly the reticuloenthothelial system. Examples are?

Answer 31

Intravital staining: Lithium carmine and India ink

Question 32

Used to stain living cells immediately after removal from the living body. Need to include the common dye that is the neutral red dye.

Answer 32

Supravital Staining

Question 33

State the outline for general staining procedures

Answer 33

xylene 1 xylene 2 Absolute Alcohol Absolute Alcohol 90% Alcohol 70% Alcohol Water Stain (Vice Versa)