Introduction

Question 1

How is E-government defined according to the United Nations in 2006?

Answer 1

The employment of Internet-based technologies for delivering government information and services to the citizens

Question 2

What problem has e-government been considered a solution to in terms of government performance?

Answer 2

Bureaucracies with high costs and low performance

Question 3

What advantages does e-government offer in terms of service delivery and accessibility for citizens?

Answer 3

E-government can provide a cost effective way of delivering services while making them more accessible to citizen

Question 4

What significant transformation opportunity does e-government provide for public administration?

Answer 4

It provides significant opportunities
to transform “public administration” into an instrument of “sustainable development.

Question 5

What are the various units or groups within and around a public sector entity that are affected when interactions are shifted to digital platforms?

Answer 5

▪ businesses,
▪ citizens,
▪ NGOs and
▪ other public sector entities.

Question 6

What is one of the primary challenges associated with this transition to digital platforms in the public sector?

Answer 6

One of the main challenges is how to involve and engage different stakeholders

Question 7

What are some common flaws in the relationship between citizens and government?

Answer 7

• The government is often perceived as an entity that cannot be avoided.
• The government is expected to win in confrontations with individuals.
• Citizens are often the weaker party in interactions with the government.
• Some governments penalize individuals for necessary actions without providing reasonable alternatives.

Question 8

What are the risks involved in an unbalanced relationship between a strong government and a weak citizen?

Answer 8

Some of the risks are:
* It can create a fragile society, where simple inputs may have catastrophic consequences.
* It can lead to individuals’ anger and frustration, which may explode in violent and damaging ways.
* It can reduce compliance and trust in the government and its institutions.

Question 9

Is computerizing governmental actions the solution to improve the relationship between citizens and government?

Answer 9

No, computerization in itself is not the solution. It can also have negative effects, such as:
1. It can cause feelings of alienation and dehumanization.

Question 10

In the movie “Wild Tales”, the main character gets his car towed for parking in a no-parking area. He argues with an employee who tells him that he should know the law and gives him an example of killing someone. What is wrong with the employee’s words?

Answer 10

Killing someone is a serious crime that violates human rights and moral values. Parking in a no-parking area is a minor offense that does not harm anyone. He cannot compare apples and oranges.

Question 11

In the movie “Wild Tales”, an employee tells the main character that he should know the law and gives him an example of killing someone. What legal principle is the employee referring to?

Answer 11

The legal principle that the employee is referring to is ignorantia juris non excusat or ignorance of the law excuses not

Question 12

What is one of the flaws concerning Awareness in the relationship between citizens and government?

Answer 12

One of the flaws is that the government does not inform or educate the citizens about the laws and regulations that affect them, and expects them to obey them without question

The movie quote shows that the main character did not know that parking in a no-parking area was illegal, and that he had to find the information on the DMV website

Question 13

what is the problem with the government treating citizens as financiers rather than as the center of its services

Answer 13

The problem is that this kind of treatment can distort the relationship between the government and the citizens, and create a fragile society where simple inputs may have catastrophic consequences. It can also reduce compliance and trust in the government and its institutions, and lead to individuals’ anger and frustration, which may explode in violent and damaging ways.

Question 14

What is the main question that the film “Wild Tales” raises about the relationship between the virtual and the physical?

Answer 14

The main question is whether the virtual, such as social media, has enough power to balance the physical, such as the government

The film also shows how social media can be used to express support or dissent for individuals who challenge the government.

Question 15

What did the rapid development of ICT, especially the Internet, greatly promote in the twentieth century?

Answer 15

The rapid development of ICT, particularly the Internet, greatly promoted the development of e-government.

Question 16

What is the significance of e-government for almost all industrialized countries?

Answer 16

E-government is significant for almost all industrialized countries as they have put its development on their political agenda.

Question 17

What has been the Republican Party’s consistent belief since Ronald Reagan’s victory in 1980?

Answer 17

The Republican Party’s consistent belief since Ronald Reagan’s victory in 1980 has been that, regardless of the problem, the solution is always the same: less intervention, lower taxes, and weaker regulations

Question 18

What term is often associated with the belief in “less intervention, lower taxes, and weaker regulations”?

Answer 18

“trickle-down theory.”

Question 19

Explain:

Trickle down theory

Answer 19

Low taxes for the rich will encourage them to invest in businesses therefore creating jobs for the poor

Question 20

According to anti-government activists, what areas should the federal government concentrate on?

Answer 20

According to anti-government activists, the federal government should concentrate on national security (in its narrow meaning) and trade deals. They believe that anything else generates unnecessary taxes and obstructs the free market.

These ideas represented a resurgence of the ideas of classical liberalism that can be traced back to John Locke and Adam Smith in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, respectively.

Question 21

What aspects of the economy do neo-liberals emphasize for their economic efficiency, and what do they consider to be inefficient?

Answer 21

Neo-liberals emphasize the economic efficiency of markets, the forces of competition, and individual decisions. They consider governments, interventionist policies, and central planning to be inefficient

Question 22

What are the three key principles advocated regarding the role of government and institutions?

Answer 22

1. Wherever possible, there should be a replacement of state institutions with privately owned institutions.
2. The primary justification for the existence of the government is to enhance the efficiency of markets.
3. State institutions that remain should be opened up to market forces, including competition

Question 23

What is the Democrats’ belief regarding the role of government?

Answer 23

The Democrats believe in a larger role for the government, seeing it as a means to empower people to achieve objectives that can only be accomplished collectively by pooling resources and spending them in large amounts.

Question 24

What are some of the responsibilities and functions of the government of the United States according ti the leftist?

Answer 24

The government of the United States is responsible for functions such as:
1. national security (including the military, intelligence agencies, homeland defense, and border control),
1. providing assistance to retirees (Medicaid, Medicare, Social Security),
1. ensuring equal access to opportunity (through job-training assistance, scholarships, and educational assistance)
1. promoting economic development (financing for businesses and incentives to enter new markets, minimum wage),
1. overseeing financial markets
1. advancing public interests (ensuring clean air and water, safe food, competition, and consumer choice)
1. providing investment funding for areas where costs are too high for the private sector (such as highways, the electric grid, and airports
1. managing a revenue collection system to collect taxes issue the credits and deductions mandated by Congress

Question 25

How can providing more services lead to unemployment and poverty?

Answer 25

providing more services requires more taxes, which in turn can lead to less investment, fewer jobs, and ultimately, unemployment and poverty.

Question 26

What is the impact of more spending on social benefits on the government’s expenditure?

Answer 26

More spending on social benefits, which can be a huge expenditure for the government

Question 27

What is “big government” in the context of political philosophy?

Answer 27

Big government is a political philosophy that advocates for a strong and active role for the government

Advocates of big government believe that it is necessary to address social problems such as poverty, inequality, and discrimination

Question 28

What are some activities that fall under the purview of big government?

Answer 28

Big government can include providing social services, regulating the economy, and intervening in foreign affairs

Additionally, they believe that the government has a responsibility to protect its citizens from harm, both domestically and internationally.

Question 29

Which political party in the United States generally supports a larger and more active role for the government?

Answer 29

The Democrats believe in a larger and more active role of the government.

Advocates of big government come from a variety of backgrounds and represent a range of political views. However, they are generally united in their belief that the government can play a positive role in society.

Question 30

What is the primary belief of those who support big government regarding the government’s role?

Answer 30

They believe that the role of government is to empower people to achieve common objectives by pooling their resources and spending them in large amounts

Question 31

What is the key idea behind the government’s role according to proponents of big government?

Answer 31

people can accomplish more collectively by working together through government intervention and support.

Question 32

What are the key responsibilities of the United States government in terms of national security?

Answer 32

The government is responsible for national security, including the military, intelligence agencies, homeland defense, and border control

Question 33

Which government programs fall under the category of assisting those who are retired or unable to support themselves?

Answer 33

Medicaid, Medicare, and Social Security are government programs designed to assist those who are retired or unable to support themselves.

Medicare is a federal program that provides health coverage if you are 65 and older or have a severe disability, no matter your income.
Medicaid is a state and federal program that provides health coverage if you have a very low income.

Question 34

What does the government aim to achieve through economic development initiatives?

Answer 34

The government aims to promote economic development by providing financing for businesses, incentives to enter new markets, and setting a minimum wage.

Question 35

Why is oversight of financial markets and institutions important for the government?

Answer 35

Oversight of financial markets and institutions is crucial to ensure transparency and open markets, promoting fair and efficient economic activity.

Question 36

What aspects of public interest does the government strive to advance?

Answer 36

The government works to advance public interests related to clean air and water, safe food, competition, and consumer choice.

Question 37

Name an area where the government provides investment funding due to costs being too great for the private sector.

Answer 37

The government invests in infrastructure projects such as highways, electric grids, and airports, where costs are too great for the private sector

Question 38

What role does the government play in terms of revenue collection?

Answer 38

The government is responsible for implementing and managing a revenue collection system to collect taxes, issue credits, and enforce deductions mandated by Congress.

Question 39

Who was elected as the President of the United States in 1992, ending twelve years of Republican rule?

Answer 39

Bill Clinton was elected as the President of the United States in 1992, ending twelve years of Republican rule.

William Clinton (born on August 19, 1946) is an American politician
He served as the 42nd President of the United States from January 20, 1993, to January 20, 2001.

Question 40

How many of the previous twenty-four years were dominated by Republican rule in the White House prior to Clinton’s election?

Answer 40

Twenty of the previous twenty-four years were marked by Republican rule before Clinton’s election

Question 41

What did Bill Clinton advocate for in terms of technology and governance?

Answer 41

Bill Clinton advocated for the use of information and communication technology (ICT) and allocating a greater role for ICT in the processes of change.

Question 42

According to President Bill Clinton, what would ICTs achieve in terms of government forms?

Answer 42

President Bill Clinton stated that ICTs would “Get the best of both big and small forms of government.”

Question 43

What benefits did President Clinton believe the American people deserved from the Information Age?

Answer 43

President Clinton believed that the American people deserved to “Get the benefits of the Information Age they deserve.”

President Clinton’s advocacy for e-government helped to raise awareness of the potential of the internet to transform government.
lay the foundation for the modern e-government movement.
His efforts helped to make it easier for citizens to access government services,
and they helped to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government operations.
He also played a key role in developing the policies and infrastructure that have made e-government possible.

Question 44

What were the goals of using ICTs in government, as mentioned by President Clinton?

Answer 44

President Clinton stated that ICTs would “provide citizens with more services while spending less,” “cut red tape,” “improve the responsiveness of government toward citizens,” and “expand opportunities for democratic participation.”

The General features of this new paradigm include:
a domination of services over other economic sectors,
An increasing importance of information.
An increasing use of information technology.
An emergence of a ‘post-bureaucratic’ form of organization

Question 45

What were the main goals of President Clinton’s administration for transforming the Federal Government?

Answer 45

President Clinton aimed to make the government “paperless,” “more effective,” “more efficient,” and “more productive.”

Paperless = low cost
Effectiveness = Do the right thing
Efficiency = Do it right
Productive = high performance

Question 46

How did President Clinton plan to achieve these goals?

Answer 46

President Clinton intended to achieve these goals through the “re-engineering” and “redesign” of the government’s business processes

Question 47

What were the explicit aims of the main NPR of 1993 regarding the federal government?

.

The NPR is the Clinton-Gore Administration’s initiative to reform the way the federal government works

Answer 47

The aims of the NPR in 1993 were to make the entire federal government “less expensive” and “more efficient” and to change the culture of the national bureaucracy.

In the initial report of the National Performance Review appears a paragraph in which emerged, for the first time, the expression “electronic government.”

Question 48

How did the NPR of 1993 aim to achieve its goals for the federal government?

Answer 48

The NPR aimed to “redesign, reinvent, and reinvigorate” the entire national government. It sought to create a government that treats taxpayers as customers and respects the value of their hard-earned dollars.

The NPR launched a number of initiatives to promote e-government, including the creation of the FirstGov website, which provided a central portal for citizens to access government services. The NPR also developed a number of best practices for e-government, and it worked with state and local

Question 49

When did the term “electronic government” first appear in a report, and what was the initial definition provided for it?

Answer 49

The term “electronic government” first appeared in the report of the National Performance Review. However, the initial report did not provide a definition for this term. The first definition of “e-government” was given four years later in the Access America report of the NPR on February 3, 1997. It defined e-government as “the use of information technology to perform or to increase the services of some governmental functions, mainly among the services directed towards the citizen.”

Question 50

What role did President Clinton and Vice President Gore play in advancing the use of the Internet in the U.S. government?

Answer 50

President Clinton and Vice President Gore were responsible for pressing almost all federal agencies, the U.S. court system, and the U.S. military to adopt the Internet. They launched the first official White House website, “whitehouse.gov,” on October 21, 1994, and President Clinton issued Executive Order 13011 on July 17, 1996, which instructed federal agency heads to fully utilize information technology to make agency information easily accessible to the public.

Question 51

What were some of the outcomes achieved after four consecutive years of efforts related to the National Performance Review (NPR) during the Clinton administration?

Answer 51

By January of 1996, the outcomes included a reduction of 240,000 federal government employees, the closure of more than 2,000 federal offices, the removal of about 200 federal projects and executive bodies, and a decrease in the expenses of the Federal Government by 118 billion US dollars.

Question 52

What changes occurred in terms of public services to businesses and citizens as a result of the National Performance Review (NPR) efforts during the Clinton administration?

Answer 52

Several significant changes were observed, including the elimination of 16,000 pages or more of administration regulations, simplification of 31,000 plus pages of more than 3,000 government rules, and the establishment of new standards for public services by 200 Federal Departments and Agencies.

Question 53

What was the primary purpose of creating the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) during the Clinton administration in 1998?

Answer 53

The NIPC was established to maintain public and private sector infrastructure by protecting them from disruptions and conducting regular vulnerability checks as preventive measures to prevent nationwide chaos.

Question 54

What were the key issues that the Republicans campaigned on during the elections following President Clinton’s second term?

Answer 54

The Republicans campaigned on the concepts of too much regulating, excessive government spending, and prohibitive taxation, suggesting that these actions had a negative impact on America during the Democratic incumbents’ time in office.

incumbent = is the current holder of an office.

Question 55

Why is the development of e-governments considered a necessity in modern political agendas?

Answer 55

E-government is considered a necessity because it represents a natural advancement of the traditional form of government. It is no longer viewed as a luxury and has become an integral part of political agendas due to its importance and benefits.