Introduction

Question 1

The human ability to become aware of and reflect upon one’s own activities

Answer 1

Reflexivity

Question 2

Collective term for the theory, history, methods, and assumptions of writing history

Answer 2

Historiography

Question 3

A way of studying the past that focuses exclusively or primarily on the development of major ideas and their intellectual and disciplinary contexts

Answer 3

Internalism

Question 4

A way of studying the past that focuses on the social and political factors that may have shaped major ideas

Answer 4

Externalism

Question 5

History is told through the contributions of eminent people whose ideas have shaped the field

Answer 5

Great man approach

Question 6

A way to study the past that takes into account the fact that what’s referred to as the ‘spirit of the times’ may affect the ability of a certain person, along with his or her ideas, to take hold and become historically significant

Answer 6

Zeitgeist approach

Question 7

An approach where historians, viewing their subject from the standpoint of the present, explain today’s circumstances by emphasising that because our predecessors overcame mistaken assumptions, we progressed to the present state of increased, or superior, knowledge and wisdom

Answer 7

Presentism

Question 8

Attempts to recreate the past as it was actually experiences by predecessors, without distortion by foreknowledge of how things later worked out

Answer 8

Historicism

Question 9

A position that some historians have adopted, arguing that you can never escape the horizon of the present when writing history, and that historical study is (and should be) motivated by a desire to better understand contemporary issues. They do not assume that the present state of affairs is necessarily the ‘right’ or the ‘best’ one

Answer 9

Sophisticated presentism

Question 10

Moving beyond ceremonial or celebratory aims, in which history of psychology is recounted as a progressive series of great accomplishments.

Answer 10

New history of psychology
(critical history of psychology)

Question 11

What are nine ways to study the past?

Answer 11

1. Historiography
2. Internalism
3. Externalism
4. Great man approach
5. Zeitgeist approach
6. Presentism
7. Historicism
8. Sophisticated presentism
9. Critical history of psychology

Question 12

History is selectively written to make it appear as though psychology has progressed triumphantly from one great discovery to the next, with little sense of the complexity, messiness, or controversy that might have occurred along the way

Answer 12

Origin myth process