INTRODUCTION

Question 1

Lamarck assumed _______ had short necks originally and ate grass

Answer 1

giraffes

Question 2

-The largest mass extinction happened 251 million years ago
-Marked the end of the Paleozoic Era and the start of the Mesozoic Era
-Reptiles and amphibians survived

Answer 2

Permian Extinction

Question 3

• 19th century English economist
• If population grew (more Babies born
  than die)
• Insufficient living space
• Food runs out
• Darwin applied this theory to animals

Answer 3

Thomas Malthus

Question 4

Darwin’s Theory rests on 5 principles:

Answer 4

1. Fossil Record
2. Comparative Anatomy
3. Embryology and Development
4. DNA Comparison
5. Species Distribution

Question 5

it explains diversity in a way that each organism originated independently, and that each organism has remained the same

Answer 5

Special Creation

Question 6

• Species remain unchanged for thousands of years, then suddenly undergo rapid changes
• Fossil evidence of trilobites – unchanged for millions of years, then suddenly died off

Answer 6

Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 7

_______- breeding for desired traits
_______– naturally “desired” traits are bred more often – causes gradual change in species over time (evolution)

Answer 7

Artificial
Natural

Question 8

• French geologist and naturalist
• published Philosophie Zoologique in 1809
• Speculated about mechanisms of biological evolution, offered no evidence

Answer 8

JEAN BAPTISTE LAMARCK

Question 9

• Proposed by Georges Cavier
• Earth was subjected to periodic catastrophes
• all the existing organisms would die and new organisms would be created after every catastrophe

Answer 9

THEORY OF CATASTROPHISM

Question 10

The Earth has existed for ____ billion years

Answer 10

4.6

Question 11

-Started 45 million years and continues today
-Age of Mammals (Humans evolve)
-Ice Ages
-Flowering plants

Answer 11

Cenozoic Era

Question 12

-Began 251 million years ago
-Age of Reptiles
-Rocky Mountains form

Answer 12

Mesozoic Era

Question 13

Darwin collected the preserved remains of ancient organisms, called ________.

Answer 13

fossils

Question 14

4 Factors Change the Gene Pool

Answer 14

Natural Selection
Mutation
Migration
Isolation

Question 15

This theory proposed that the Lithosphere is divided into six major plates

Answer 15

Plate Tectonic Theory

Question 16

Darwin’s Theory based on 4 main ideas:

Answer 16

Variations
Inheritance of traits
Overproduction
Survival of the fittest

Question 17

4 categories of geologic time scale

Answer 17

EON
ERA
PERIOD
EPOCH

Question 18

-Oldest and Longest Time Period
- Almost 90% of Earth’s History
- From beginning of Earth (4.6 billion ago) to 540 Million years ago
- Oldest rocks are deepest rocks

Answer 18

PRE-CAMBRIAN TIME

Question 19

Categories of fossil types

Answer 19

Trace fossil
Molds and casts
Replacement
Petrified
Amber
Original Material

Question 20

_________, or change over time, is the
process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

Answer 20

Evolution

Question 21

It determines the order of formation of remains using stratigraphic methods (Qualitative method of dating)

Answer 21

RELATIVE Dating

Question 22

This single supercontinent broke up into pieces which drifted slowly away from each other

Answer 22

Pangea

Question 23

• Evolution through slow change
• Believed to be true by Darwin and many other scientists
• Fossil evidence supports this

Answer 23

Gradualism

Question 24

• Began 542 million years ago and ended 251 million years ago
• For the first time on Earth, organisms had hard parts (shells, exoskeletons)
• Pangea formed
• “Age of Fish”
• Plants begin to grown on land

Answer 24

Paleozoic Era

Question 25

This theory was proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1915

Answer 25

Continental Drift Theory

Question 26

It determines the age of remains using radiometric methods (Quantitative method of dating)

Answer 26

ABSOLUTE Dating

Question 27

Because of similar ____, organisms of the same species have the same basic proteins

Answer 27

DNA

Question 28

structures that have different mature forms in different organisms, but develop from the same embryonic tissue

Answer 28

Homologous Structures

Question 29

Darwin was fascinated in particular by the land tortoises and marine iguanas in the ___________.

Answer 29

Galápagos

Question 30

A ______________ is a well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world.

Answer 30

scientific theory

Question 31

Each living organism has descended, with changes from other species over time

Answer 31

Descent with Modification

Question 32

How do you think Darwin came up with his theory?

Answer 32

Voyage of the Beagle (through this, he had evidence to propose a revolutionary hypothesis about how life changes over time)

Question 33

- 1795 Theory of Geological change - Forces change earth’s surface shape - Changes are slow - Earth much older than thousands of years

Answer 33

James Hutton

Question 34

______________--differences among individuals of a species _____________ -- nature provides the variation among different organisms, and humans select those variations they find useful.

Answer 34

Natural selection Artificial selection

Question 35

Divisions of the Precambrian Time

Answer 35

Hadean Archean Proterozoic

Question 36

-Mass extinction that happened 65 million years ago -Marked the end of the Mesozoic Era and the beginning of the Cenozoic Era -All of the dinosaurs and half of the other animals and plants went extinct

Answer 36

Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction

Question 37

Study of distribution of organisms on earth

Answer 37

Biogeography

Question 38

- "Current geological processes are the same as those at work in the past" - Proponents are James Hutton (Father of modern geology) and Sir Charles Lyell

Answer 38

PRINCIPLE OF UNIFORMITARIANISM

Question 39

Eras under Phanerozoic Eon

Answer 39

Paleozoic (Old Life) Mesozoic (Middle Life) Cenozoic (New Life)

Question 40

it explains diversity in a way that all organisms originated from common ancestors, and that organisms have and continue to change over time

Answer 40

Evolution

Question 41

organs that serve no useful function in an organism (i.e.) appendix, miniature legs, arms

Answer 41

Vestigial organs

Question 42

His theory was effectively presented to the world in 1859 when his book "The Origin of Species" was published

Answer 42

CHARLES DARWIN

Question 43

It refers to the progressive changes in organisms that persist over time; it helps explain the great diversity, wide geographical distribution, adaptations and origins of organisms

Answer 43

EVOLUTION